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Art of Listening to Music 104 > Exam #1 vocab > Flashcards

Exam #1 vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

vibrations that are transmitted, usually through air, to the eardrum, which sends impulses to the brain

A

sound

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2
Q

4 main properties of musical sounds

A

pitch, dynamics, tone color, duration

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3
Q

the relative highness or lowness we hear in a sound

Determined by the frequency of its vibrations
Faster the vibrations, the higher the pitch (short string)
Slower the vibrations, the lower the pitch (long string)

A

pitch

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4
Q

a sound that has a definite pitch

A

tone

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5
Q

The ‘distance’ between any two tones

A

interval

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6
Q

Interval between two tones in which the higher tone has twice the frequency of the lower tone

ex. Somewhere over the rainbow: tone of -where sounds like the tone of -some, even though it is higher. An ____ lies between them

A

octave

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7
Q

The distance between the lowest and highest tones hat a voice or instrument can produce

A

pitch range

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8
Q

A noise that the listener finds to have little harmony or hard to identify a specific pitch

ex. such as those made by a bass drum or cymbals
Some percussion instruments, gongs, cowbells, and woodblocks, come in different sizes and produce higher or lower ____ pitches

A

Indefinite pitch

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9
Q

A pitch which the listener can discern into a specific pitch and has harmony

A

definite pitch

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10
Q

Degrees of loudness or softness in music

A

Dynamics

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11
Q

Related to the amplitude of the vibration that produces the sound

A

Loudness

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12
Q

Emphasis of a note, which may result from its being louder, longer, or higher in pitch that the notes near it

A

accent

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13
Q

very soft dynamic

A

pp (pianissimo)

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14
Q

soft dynamic

A

p (piano)

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15
Q

loud dynamic

A

f (forte) / fortissimo (FF)

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16
Q

gradually softer >

A

descrescendo

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17
Q

gradually louder <

A

crescendo

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18
Q

Quality of sound that distinguishes one instrument or voice from another

Described by words such as bright, dark, mellow, and rich

A

timbre (tone color)

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19
Q

Western system of dividing octave into 3 types of sounds
(major, minor, and chromatic)

A

Key

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20
Q

8 notes, has a brighter tone

A

major

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21
Q

8 notes, has a ‘sad’ tone

A

minor

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22
Q

First note of scale which defines the key

A

keynote

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23
Q

Successive ascending or descending leaps in pitches

A

arpeggio

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24
Q

Multiple pitches played simultaneously (chord) consonant or dissonant intervals/harmony

A

Harmony

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25
Q

(voice) vibrate around main pitch

A

vibrato

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26
Q

rapidly alternate main and a higher pitch

A

trill

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27
Q

smooth ‘glide’ from low to high pitch

A

glissando

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28
Q

(strings) Bow ‘trembles’ quickly

A

tremolo

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29
Q

(strings) pluck string with finger

A

pizzicato

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30
Q

(strings) two strings at one

A

double stops

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31
Q

(strings) produce specific overtones/whistles

A

harmonics

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32
Q

A pattern of sound and silence flowing through time

A

Rhythm

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33
Q

Measurement of musical time; A regularly, recurring pulse

A

beat

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34
Q

Rhythmic increment smaller than a beat/divides beat

A

subdivision

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35
Q

relative speed of beat (and rhythm)

A

tempo

36
Q

Acceleration of beat/rhythm

A

acclereando

37
Q

Deceleration of beat/rhythm

A

ritardando/rallentando

38
Q

Elastic stretching or increase of tempo for expressive highlight (expressive performance technique)

A

Rubato

39
Q

Regular grouping of beats (strong and weak)

A

Meter

40
Q

first beat of measure, followed by weaker beats

A

downbeat

41
Q

beat/note before downbeat

A

up-beat/pick up

42
Q

A dynamically stressed note or beat

A

Accent

43
Q

An accent in between beats or on “off” beats

A

synchopation

44
Q

Long - short pattern (used in marches)

A

dotted rhythm

45
Q

An organized combination of pitch and rhythm , typically containing shape/contour, climax, and cadence; may be either consonant or dissonant, long or short, etc

A

melody/tune

46
Q

Shape of melodic line (pitch), conjunct or disjunct

A

Contour

47
Q

High or low point of melody: in pitch, dynamically, rhythmically

A

climax

48
Q

resting point at end of melody (pitch and rhythm)

A

cadence

49
Q

sub sections of melody, which sub-cadences (a, b, c)

A

phrases

50
Q

A small rhytmic or melodic cell/building block

A

motive

51
Q

repetition of a motive at different pitch levels

A

sequence

52
Q

Repitiion, contrast, sequence, and vibration
Binary (a, b) and ternary (a, b, c, a, b, c) Forms are common

A

melodic form

53
Q

A melody which is the basis of a large piece of music

A

Theme

54
Q

Combination (vertical) of multiple melodies or harmony

A

texture

55
Q

One melodic line (one or many unison voices)

A

Monophonic

56
Q

Multiple melodic lines, simultaneously parallel or imitative, non imitative counterpoint

A

Polyphonic

57
Q

A main melody accompanied by harmony (chordal) Harmony supports melody, vertically, provides, direction

A

homophonic

58
Q

guitar and violin, viola, cello, and double bass

Vary in tone color, size, and range. Have the greatest versatility and expressive range

A

string

59
Q

flute and clarinet, oboe, bassoon
Named because they produce vibrations of air within a tube that traditionally was made of wood

Can only produce one note at a time

A

woodwind

60
Q

trumpet and trombone, french horn, tuba, cornet, baritone horn, and euphonium

Uses valves and slides to change length of tube through which the air vibrates

A

brass

61
Q

bass drum and cymbals, triangle, gong, xylophone (definite pitch)
Vibrations are stretched by membranes or by plates or bars.

Used to emphasize rhythm and to heighten climaxes.

A

percussion

62
Q

organ and piano (can play melody and accompaniment at same time), accordion

Permits player to play several tones at the same time easily and rapidly

A

keyboard

63
Q

synthesizer is an example of this instrument (tape studio)

A

electronic

64
Q

part of the total range

A

register

65
Q

the principal first violinist

A

concertmaster

66
Q

WHen a player presses their finger to the fingerboard to change the pitch

A

stopping

67
Q

systems of electronic components that generate, modify, and control sound (manipulate pitch, color tone, loudness, and duration)

A

synthesizer

68
Q

very slow, broad

A

largo

69
Q

slow

A

adagio

70
Q

moderately slow, a walking pace

A

andante

71
Q

fast

A

allegro

72
Q

very fast

A

presto

73
Q

What group dominated, politically and intellectually during the Medieval Period/Middle Ages?

A

Roman Catholic Church

74
Q

3 classes of society

A

noblemen, clergy, Peasants (serfs)

75
Q

Among the classes of society that were not illiterate

A

clergy

76
Q

How was music passes down in the Medieval periods?

A

rote tradition; later by clergy/scribes

77
Q

Gregorian chant

A

Catholic religious texts/liturgy, set melodically and sung in Latin by Clergy. Based on church Modes, not modern major/minor scales

(instruments generally not allowed in church)

78
Q

Church modes

A

One of the eight scales prevalent in medieval music each utilizing a different pattern of intervals and beginning on a different tone

79
Q

Chant

A

meter less, calm, fluid, otherworldly melodies with generally conjunct shape and narrow vocal range.

80
Q

Texture and which position phrasing comes in chant

A

Phrasing follows text. Monophonic texture with some responsorial setting. Later develops into early polyphonic textures through use of drones and organum

81
Q

secular music

A

Troubadour songs (notated ballads, love songs), accompanied by harp, fiddle, drum with clear meter and beat

Instrumental dance music with modest accompaniment (drones) and clear meter/beat

82
Q

1450-1600

A

Renaissance period

83
Q

Advances in science, art (realism/depth perspective), music (polyphony, word painting and instrumental music) philosophy and secular literature.

A

rise of humanism

84
Q

Artists in the Renaissance period

A

Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Chaucer, Galileo

85
Q

Generaly vocal, sacred text, polyphonic, complex

A

motet

86
Q

Vocal, secular text, polyphonic clear beat; Instrumental dance music, introduction of keyboard instruments - organ/harpsichord

A

Madrigal

87
Q

Multiple pitches under syllable

A

melissma

Art of Listening to Music 104 (1 decks)

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