Exam 1: Unit 1

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

The study of body function.

Question 2

Physiology

Answer 2

The study of body function.

Question 3

Gross Anatomy

Answer 3

Regional Anatomy
Systemic Anatomy

Gross anatomy: study of the structures of the organs and tissues that are visible to the naked eye.

Question 4

The Heirarchy of Structural Organization

Answer 4

Chemical Level
Cellular Level
Tissue Level 
Organ Level 
Organ System Level 
Organismal Level

Question 5

Chemical Level

Answer 5

Atoms form molecules

Question 6

Cellular Level

Answer 6

Cells and their functional subunits.

Question 7

Tissue Level

Answer 7

A group of cells performing a common function.

Question 8

Organ Level

Answer 8

A discrete structure made up of more than one tissue.

Question 9

Organ System Level

Answer 9

Organs working together for a common purpose.

Question 10

Organismal Level

Answer 10

The result of all simpler levels working in unison.

Question 11

Integumentary System

Answer 11

• Forms external body covering.
• Protects deeper tissues from injury.
• Synthesizes vitamin D.
• Site of cutaneous receptors.
  
  • (pain, pressure, etc.) and sweat oil glands.

Question 12

Skeletal System

Answer 12

• Protects and supports body organs.
• Provides a framework for muscles.
• Blood cells formed within bones.
• Stores minerals.

Question 13

Muscular System

Answer 13

• Allows manipulation of enviornment.
• Locomotion.
• Facial expression.
• Maintains posture.
• Produces heat.

Question 14

Nervous System

Answer 14

• Fast-acting control system.

* Responds to internal and external changes.

Question 15

Endocrine System

Answer 15

• Glands secrete hormones that regulate:
  
  • Growth
  • Reproduction
  • Nutrient use

Question 16

Cardiovascular System

Answer 16

• Blood vessels transport blood.
  
  • Blood carries oxygen and carbon dioxide.
  • It also carries nutrients and wastes.
• Heart pumps blood through blood vessels.

Question 17

Lymphatic System/Immunity

Answer 17

• Picks up fluid leaked from blood vesels.
• Disposes of debris in the lymphatic system.
• Houses with white blood cells. (Lymphocytes)
• Mounts attack against foreign substances in the body.

Question 18

Respiratory System

Answer 18

• Keeps blood supplied with oxygen.
• Removes carbon dioxide.
• Gas exchange occurs through walls of air sacs in the lungs.

Question 19

Digstive System

Answer 19

• Breaks down food into absorbable units.

* Indigestible foodstuffs eliminated as feces.

Question 20

Urinary System

Answer 20

• Eliminates nitrogenous wastes.

* Regulates water, electrolyte, and acid base balance.

Question 21

Male and Female Reproductive Systems

Answer 21

• Overall function is to produce offspring.
• Testes produce sprem and male sex hormones.
• Ovaries produce eggs and female sex hormones.
• Mammary glands produce milk.

Question 22

Scale: Length, Volume, and Weight

Answer 22

• System of measurement in anatomy is the metric system:
  
  • Meter
  • Micrometer
  • Liter
  • Milliliter
  • Kilogram

Question 23

Anatomical Position

Answer 23

• A common visual reference point.
  
  • Person stands erect with their feet together and eyes forward.
  • Palms face anteriorly with the thumbs pointed away from the body.

Question 24

Axial Region

Answer 24

• Axis of body - head, neck, and trunk.

Question 25

Appendicular Region

Answer 25

• Appendages

Question 26

Standard Directional Terms

Answer 26

• Are ued by professionals to describe location of one body part in relation to another.

Question 27

Regional and Directional Terms

Answer 27

• Directional terms are used to explain precise location of body structure in relation to another body structure.
• Terms are paired with opposite:
  • Supperior/Inferrior
  • Anterior/Posterior
  • Medial/Lateral
  • Superficial/Deep

Question 28

Body Planes and Sections

Answer 28

• Frontal (coronal) plane : Lies vertically and divides body into anterior and posterior parts.
• Transverse plane: Runs horizontally and divides body into superior and inferior parts.

Question 29

Sagittal Planes

Answer 29

• Are vertical: Divide the body into right and left parts.
  
  • Median (midsagittal) plane. sagittal plane that runs along the midline.
• Parasgittal Planes.
  
  • A sagittal plane offset from the midline.

Question 30

Dorsal Body Cavity

Answer 30

• Cranial cavity.

* Vertebral cavity.

Question 31

Ventral Body Cavity

Answer 31

• Thoracic cavity.
• Mediastinum.
• Abdomenopelvic cavity.
• Abdominal cavity.
• Pelvic cavity.

Question 32

Thoracic Cavity

Answer 32

• Divided into three parts:

- Two lateral parts, each containing a lung surrounded by a pleural cavity.

Question 33

Mediastinum

Answer 33

• Contains the heart surrounded by the pericardial sac.

Question 34

Adbominopelvic Cavity

Answer 34

• Divided into two parts.
  
  • Abdominal cavity: contains the liver, stomach, kidneys, and other organs.
  • Pelvic cavity: contains the bladder, some reproductive organs, and rectum.

Question 35

Serious Cavities

Answer 35

• A slitlike space lined by a serious membrane.
  
  • Pleura, pericardium, and peritoneum.
    
    • Parietal serosa: outter wall of the cavity.
    • Visceral serosa: covers the visceral organs.
    • Serous fluid: produced by both layers ofthe serous membranes.