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AE1 > EXAM 1 THINGS > Flashcards

EXAM 1 THINGS Flashcards

1
Q

young old

A

65-74

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2
Q

middle old

A

75-84

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3
Q

old old

A

85-99

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4
Q

elite old

A

100+ y/o

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5
Q

proprioception

A

sense of time and space

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6
Q

what does presbycusis mean?

A

high frequency hearing loss

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7
Q

b/c older adults have decreased sensitivity of baroreceptors, what should you be careful of?

A

when shifting positions from sitting to standing; pt may also have high BP so they will be taking anti HTN drugs -> together, these two things can lead to higher risk of fall/injury

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8
Q

is incontinence a normal part of aging?

A

NOPE it has a cause

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9
Q

does respiratory rate change when adults become older?

A

nope

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10
Q

what are the most frequently diagnosed conditions?

A

arthritis
HTN
heart disease
cancer

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11
Q

iatrogenesis

A

interventions that lead to further complications and disease

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12
Q

SPICES (measures healthcare issues among hospitalized older adults)

A 
sleep disorders
problems with eating 
incontinence
confusion 
evidence of falls 
skin breakdown
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13
Q

Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Life (ADLs)

A 
bathing 
feeding 
toiletting 
dressing 
transferring 
continence
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14
Q

Geriatric Cascade

A

phenomenon of rapid decline resulting from :
frailty
acute illness
stress of institutional care

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15
Q

If you see a patient with delirium:

A

try to reorient the patient to:

  1. Person
  2. Place
  3. Time
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16
Q

critical thinking concept model characteristics (5)

A

knowledge
standards
attitude
experience

competencies

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17
Q

nearly __ of older adults in the community reports a fall every year

A

1/3

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18
Q

__ to __% of older adults living in long term care settings experience a fall every year

A

50-75

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19
Q

examples of extrinsic/environmental factors for sustaining a fall:

A

polypharmacy
loose carpets
inadequate lighting

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20
Q

DELIRIUM: (common causes of delirium)

A 
drugs
elimination (constipation) 
liver and other organs 
infection 
respiratory 
injury 
unfamiliar environment 
metabolic
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21
Q

Braden Scale

A 
Sensory perception (4) 
Moisture (4) 
Nutrition (4) 
Mobility (4) 
Activity (4) 
Friction/Shear (3)

15-18 At risk
13-14 Moderate risk
10-12 High risk
Less than or equal to 9 VERY high risk

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22
Q

If restraints are used,

A

assess the related extremity every 30 minutes to see if color has changed
must document that you saw that extremity
evaluate every 30 minutes
must release patient from restraint every 1-2 hours

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23
Q

IADLs (instrumental)

A

includes things like chopping

making a phone call, etc

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24
Q

systemic effects of immobility -> hypostatic PNA

A

fluid pools in lungs and can cause inflammation

results from atelectasis

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25
Q

risk factors for pressure ulcer include:

A
  1. intensity of pressure
  2. duration of pressure
  3. tolerance of tissue to duration and pressure
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26
Q

A pressure ulcer can form in only _ - _ hours, which is why we reposition every __ hours.

A

2-6; 2

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27
Q

Albumin level

A

3.5 grams/dL or greater

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28
Q

Pre-Albumin level

A

16-30 mg/dL

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29
Q

Significant weight loss constitutes:

A

5% in 1 month

10% in 6 months

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30
Q

SMART =

to assess client outcomes when making nursing diagnoses

A 
Specific 
Measurable 
Attainable 
Realistic 
Timed
31
Q

PES

A

problem
etiology
symptoms

32
Q

STEEEP measures

A

patient safety

Safe 
Timely 
Efficient 
Effective 
Equitable 
Patient-centered
33
Q

Latent failure

A
  1. from organizational policies
  2. procedures
  3. allocation of resources
    (blunt end)
34
Q

Active failure

A
  1. direct contact with patient

sharp end

35
Q

sentinel

A

unexpected event that leads to death/physical injury

36
Q

Medications: Lipid solubility of medication

A

med can be absorbed faster if it’s lipid soluble

37
Q

QSEN (quality and safety education in nursing) addresses six competencies

A 
E vidence-based practice 
Q uality improvement 
I nformatics 
P atient-centered care 
S aftey 
T eamwork and collaboration
38
Q

Medication can bind to __, which limits the amount of __ _ in the blood. Less __ can contribute to __ __.

A

albumin

free albumin

albumin; medicine toxicity

39
Q

Excretion of medications (KBELL)

A 
Kidney 
Bowel
Exocrine Glands 
Liver 
Lungs
40
Q

idiosyncratic rxn:

A

over- or under- reaction to a medication

41
Q

Therapeutic range:

A

narrow range btwn minimum effective concentration (MEC) and toxic concentration

42
Q

What do you need for a complete medication order?

A
  1. med name
  2. dosage
  3. type of administration
  4. frequency of administration
  5. reason for administration
43
Q

Errors of Omission when talking about medications:

A

basically errors which the patient either never saw the drug or did not take the drug

44
Q

valvular stenosis

A

hardened valve that cannot close or open properly
your cardiac output will decrease ; you will see heart failure b/c the heart muscle tries to compensate for this decreased cardiac output

45
Q

Early signs of hypoxia

A

cognitive signs
irritability
restlessness

46
Q

Hgb values for males:

for females:

A

14-18 g/100 mL males

12-16 g/100 mL females

47
Q

Hct values for males:

for females:

A

42-52% males

37-47% females

48
Q

RBC count males:

for females:

A
  1. 7-6.1 million/mm3 males

4. 2-5.4 million/mm3 females

49
Q

WBC

A

5,000-10,000/ cubic millimeter

50
Q

Troponin I value elevates as early as

A

3 hours after myocardial injury

51
Q

Troponin I value remains elevated for

A

7-10 days

52
Q

Plasma cardiac Troponin I

A
53
Q

Plasma Cardiac Troponin T

A
54
Q

Troponin T value remains elevated for

A

10-14 days

55
Q

CK male

A

55-170 units/L

56
Q

CK female

A

30-135 units/L

57
Q

Myoglobin

A
58
Q

nl range for fasting cholesterol

A

less than 200 mg/dL
OR
less than 5.2 mmol/L

59
Q

nl range of LDL

A
60
Q

nl range of VLDLs

A

7-32 mg/dl

61
Q

nl range of HDLs

A

Male: >45 mg/dL
Female: >55 mg/dL

62
Q

nl range of Triglycerides

A

Male: 40-160 mg/dL
Female: 35-135 mg/dL

63
Q

Nursing responsibilities for Thoracentesis:

A 
Monitor vital signs 
CXR after the procedure 
Auscultate breath sounds 
Check puncture site for bleeding or leakage 
Document procedure
64
Q

A PPD induration of more than 5 mm is considered positive for person

A

with or at risk for HIV infection; those who had close, recent contact with someone who has infectious TB, or who has CXR that show old, healed TB

65
Q

A PPD induration of greater than 10 mm is considered positive for

A

foreign born persons from high prevalence countries, IV drug users, medically underserved, low-income populations, residents of long term care facilities, people with chronic illnesses, and all children and adolescents

66
Q

A PPD induration of greater than 15 mm is considered positive for

A

all persons

67
Q

Persons with vaccinated with BCG vaccine has a

A

positive reaction to TB test

68
Q

For the nasal cannula, if you administer more than 4-5 L , you should

A

humidify the oxygen before the patient breathes it in

69
Q

Venturi mask delivers what?

A

fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) from 24-60% ; delivers oxygen with humidity

70
Q

pharmacological agents of dyspnea

A

Bronchodilators
Inhaled Steroids
Mucolytics: can liquefy secretions

71
Q

For suctioning, you shouldn’t leave the suctioning in for longer than

A

10-15 seconds

you’re suctioning oxygen out when you do this

72
Q

Postural drainage can be taken out by:

A

chest physiotherapy - > chest percussion

be careful with someone with osteoporosis: can be at risk for fractures during percussions; contraindicated in pts with bleeding disorders, burns, open wounds, skin infections of the thorax

73
Q

___ is a more gentle alternative to chest percussion. It is a gentle, shaking pressure applied to the chest wall to shake secretions into larger airways

A

Vibration

AE1 (12 decks)

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