Exam 1 terms Flashcards
Radiculopathy
Dysfunction of a spinal nerve root
Neuropathy
Dysfunction of a peripheral nerve distal to the nerve root
Myopathy
Muscle abnormalities
Anosmia
complete loss of smell
Hyposmia
decreased sense of smell
Hyperosmia
increased sense of smell
Parosmia
perversion of smell
Cacosmia
Disagreeable smell
Retrobulbar neuritis
- Involves the optic nerve or tract
- Most common cause of MS
Papilledema
- symptom of intracranial pressure due to brain tumors, abcesses, hemorrhage, hypertension, and other causes
- blurred/obliteration of physiological cup
- loss of disc margin
- tortuous & engorged veins
Optic atrophy
associated with decreased visual acuity and a change in the color of the optic disc to light pink, white or gray
Primary optic atrophy
- involves the optic nerve (not papilledema)
- may be due to tabes dorsalis, MS, or hereditary
- associated visual loss
- optic disc appears white
Secondary optic atrophy
- sequel of papilledema
- may be due to neuritis, glaucoma, or increased intracranial pressure
- optic disc appears gray and ragged
Foster Kennedy Syndrome
- ipsilateral blindness and anosmia
- atrophy of optic and olfactory nerve
- contralateral papilledema
- may be caused by tumors at base of frontal lobe
Amaurotic familial idiocy (AKA Tay Sachs Disease)
- cerebromacular degeneration with severe mental deficiency
- blindness
- optic atrophy
- cherry red spot in place of macula lutea
Argyll Robertson pupil
- reacts only to accommodation
- no reaction to direct or indirect light
Holmes-Adie Syndrome
-tonic pupillary reaction with absence of one or more tendon reflexes
(slow/almost imperceivable constriction/dilation - “myotonic”)
Heterotropia
Deviation of bilateral eye alignment
Exotropia
outward/lateral movement of the eyes
Esotropia
inward/medial movement of the eyes
Hypertropia
upward movement of the eyes
Hypotropia
downward movement of the eyes
Nystagmus
Involuntary eye oscillations
Signs and symptoms of Horner;s Syndrome
- ptosis
- pupilloconstriction
- Ipsilateral facial anhydrosis (lack of sweating)
- Ipsilateral facial vasodilation
- due to lesions proximal to carotid artery
- distal lesions only cause pupilloconstriction & ptosis
Enophthalmos
Inward sinking of the eyeball
can cause “pseudoptosis” of Horner’s syndrome
Marcus-Gunn Phenomenon
- pupil constricts slightly less than when light was introduced into other eye (apparent pupillodilation)
- indicated retinal or C.N. II lesion
Optic neuritis
inflammation of the optic nerve
Papillitis
inflammation of the optic disc
Neuroparalytic neuritis
corneal inflammation and ulceration
Trigeminal neuralgia
- C.N. V disorder
- sharp, painful sensation in V1, V2, or V3
Stimulation of parasympathetic fibers creates _______ saliva
thin and watery
Stimulation of sympathetic fibers creates _______ saliva
thick and turbid
Prosopoplegia
peripheral facial paralysis
Bells Palsy
- flaccid paralysis of all ipsilateral facial muscles
- involves C.N. VII
- lesion is peripheral to geniculate ganglion
Stroke
- central paralysis
- contralateral
- forehead spared
- eyes partially involved
- mouth and neck fully involved
Peripheral lesions must be proximal to the ________ to affect taste
stylomastoid foramen
Ageusia
complete loss of taste
Hypoacusis
decrease or loss of hearing
Huyperacusis
increase in intensity of hearing
Aphonia
loss of voice
Dysarthria
faulty articulation
Anarthria
no articulation
Dysphagia
faulty swallowing
Aphagia
no swallowing
Hypernasal
increased air entering into nasal cavity
Hyponasal
decreased air entering into nasal cavity
Pallanesthesia
loss of vibratory perception
Dyssynergia
uncoordinated movement
Dysmetria
inaccuracy in measuring movement
Somatognosis
ability for the patient to know a body part is his own body part
Nosognosis
ability for the patient to know that he is ill
Myelopathy
Dysfunction of the spinal cord
