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NMS I > Exam 1 terms > Flashcards

Exam 1 terms Flashcards

1
Q

Radiculopathy

A

Dysfunction of a spinal nerve root

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2
Q

Neuropathy

A

Dysfunction of a peripheral nerve distal to the nerve root

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3
Q

Myopathy

A

Muscle abnormalities

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4
Q

Anosmia

A

complete loss of smell

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5
Q

Hyposmia

A

decreased sense of smell

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6
Q

Hyperosmia

A

increased sense of smell

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7
Q

Parosmia

A

perversion of smell

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8
Q

Cacosmia

A

Disagreeable smell

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9
Q

Retrobulbar neuritis

A
  • Involves the optic nerve or tract

- Most common cause of MS

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10
Q

Papilledema

A
  • symptom of intracranial pressure due to brain tumors, abcesses, hemorrhage, hypertension, and other causes
  • blurred/obliteration of physiological cup
  • loss of disc margin
  • tortuous & engorged veins
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11
Q

Optic atrophy

A

associated with decreased visual acuity and a change in the color of the optic disc to light pink, white or gray

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12
Q

Primary optic atrophy

A
  • involves the optic nerve (not papilledema)
  • may be due to tabes dorsalis, MS, or hereditary
  • associated visual loss
  • optic disc appears white
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13
Q

Secondary optic atrophy

A
  • sequel of papilledema
  • may be due to neuritis, glaucoma, or increased intracranial pressure
  • optic disc appears gray and ragged
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14
Q

Foster Kennedy Syndrome

A
  • ipsilateral blindness and anosmia
  • atrophy of optic and olfactory nerve
  • contralateral papilledema
  • may be caused by tumors at base of frontal lobe
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15
Q

Amaurotic familial idiocy (AKA Tay Sachs Disease)

A
  • cerebromacular degeneration with severe mental deficiency
  • blindness
  • optic atrophy
  • cherry red spot in place of macula lutea
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16
Q

Argyll Robertson pupil

A
  • reacts only to accommodation

- no reaction to direct or indirect light

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17
Q

Holmes-Adie Syndrome

A

-tonic pupillary reaction with absence of one or more tendon reflexes
(slow/almost imperceivable constriction/dilation - “myotonic”)

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18
Q

Heterotropia

A

Deviation of bilateral eye alignment

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19
Q

Exotropia

A

outward/lateral movement of the eyes

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20
Q

Esotropia

A

inward/medial movement of the eyes

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21
Q

Hypertropia

A

upward movement of the eyes

22
Q

Hypotropia

A

downward movement of the eyes

23
Q

Nystagmus

A

Involuntary eye oscillations

24
Q

Signs and symptoms of Horner;s Syndrome

A
  • ptosis
  • pupilloconstriction
  • Ipsilateral facial anhydrosis (lack of sweating)
  • Ipsilateral facial vasodilation
  • due to lesions proximal to carotid artery
  • distal lesions only cause pupilloconstriction & ptosis
25
Q

Enophthalmos

A

Inward sinking of the eyeball

can cause “pseudoptosis” of Horner’s syndrome

26
Q

Marcus-Gunn Phenomenon

A
  • pupil constricts slightly less than when light was introduced into other eye (apparent pupillodilation)
  • indicated retinal or C.N. II lesion
27
Q

Optic neuritis

A

inflammation of the optic nerve

28
Q

Papillitis

A

inflammation of the optic disc

29
Q

Neuroparalytic neuritis

A

corneal inflammation and ulceration

30
Q

Trigeminal neuralgia

A
  • C.N. V disorder

- sharp, painful sensation in V1, V2, or V3

31
Q

Stimulation of parasympathetic fibers creates _______ saliva

A

thin and watery

32
Q

Stimulation of sympathetic fibers creates _______ saliva

A

thick and turbid

33
Q

Prosopoplegia

A

peripheral facial paralysis

34
Q

Bells Palsy

A
  • flaccid paralysis of all ipsilateral facial muscles
  • involves C.N. VII
  • lesion is peripheral to geniculate ganglion
35
Q

Stroke

A
  • central paralysis
  • contralateral
  • forehead spared
  • eyes partially involved
  • mouth and neck fully involved
36
Q

Peripheral lesions must be proximal to the ________ to affect taste

A

stylomastoid foramen

37
Q

Ageusia

A

complete loss of taste

38
Q

Hypoacusis

A

decrease or loss of hearing

39
Q

Huyperacusis

A

increase in intensity of hearing

40
Q

Aphonia

A

loss of voice

41
Q

Dysarthria

A

faulty articulation

42
Q

Anarthria

A

no articulation

43
Q

Dysphagia

A

faulty swallowing

44
Q

Aphagia

A

no swallowing

45
Q

Hypernasal

A

increased air entering into nasal cavity

46
Q

Hyponasal

A

decreased air entering into nasal cavity

47
Q

Pallanesthesia

A

loss of vibratory perception

48
Q

Dyssynergia

A

uncoordinated movement

49
Q

Dysmetria

A

inaccuracy in measuring movement

50
Q

Somatognosis

A

ability for the patient to know a body part is his own body part

51
Q

Nosognosis

A

ability for the patient to know that he is ill

52
Q

Myelopathy

A

Dysfunction of the spinal cord

NMS I (1 decks)

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