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History 101 Exam 1 > Exam 1 Terms > Flashcards

Exam 1 Terms Flashcards

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0
Q

Homo erectus

A
  • Flourished 100,000 to 1.5 million years ago
  • Fossils found in Africa, Asia, & Europe
  • Brain capacity between 900-1,200ml
  • Used fire & made stone tools
  • Looked after old & sick
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1
Q

Australopithecines

A
  • Flourished 2 million to 4 million years ago
  • Used bipedal locomotion
  • Ape sized brain
  • Lived in South & East Africa
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2
Q

Neanderthals

A
  • Flourished between 230,000 & 30,000 years ago
  • Average brain size is slightly larger than that of modern humans, about 1450 cc
  • Buried their dead
  • Lived at the same time as the Homo sapiens sapiens
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3
Q

Homo sapiens sapiens

A
  • Modern forms of Homo sapiens first appeared 120,000 years ago
  • Modern humans brain size of about 1350 cc
  • First appeared in Africa but about 50,000 years ago began to spread across Asia, Europe, Australia, & finally N. and S. America.
  • Hunters & gatherers until 13,000 years ago when farming began.
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4
Q

Largest cities in Mesopotamian Civilization that was created by the Sumerians were:

A
  • Eridu
  • Ur
  • Uruk
  • Umma
  • Lagash
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5
Q

Theocracy

A

-Governments were ruled by divine authority

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6
Q

Akkadians

A
  • Briefly conquered Sumer

- Led by Sargon

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7
Q

Semitic Languages

A
  • Assyrians
  • Babylonians
  • Phoenicians
  • Arabic
  • Hebrews
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8
Q

Hammurabi

A
  • An Amorite
  • Establish Old Babylonia as a seat of power
  • He was brilliant militarily for successfully dividing & conquering his opponents
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9
Q

Code of Hammurabi

A

-Collection of 282 laws with a strict system of justice

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10
Q

Epic of Gilgamesh

A

-One of the oldest & most moving stories rooted in the ancient wisdom/tradition of mankind

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11
Q

Cuneiform

A

-Earliest known form of writing, distinguished by its wedge shaped marks on clay tablets

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12
Q

Paleolithic Age

A
  • (Old Stone Age) 1 million to 10,000 B.C.
  • Invented stone tools
  • People were hunters, fishers, & gatherers
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13
Q

Neolithic Age

A
  • 10,000-5,000 B.C.
  • Discovery of agriculture in Western Asia
  • Invention of pottery
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14
Q

Manetho

A
  • He provided the first study of Egyptian History in the 3rd century B.C.
  • We used his list to divide Egyptian history into Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms
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15
Q

Old Kingdom

A
  • Menes

- Pyramids built

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16
Q

Requirements to be a civilization:

A
  • Must have cities
  • Distinct Religious Structures
  • Military & Political Structures
  • Social Economic Classes
  • Writing
  • Must have significant artistic & intellectual improvements
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17
Q

Menes

A
  • United Upper & Lower Egypt
  • Double Royal Diadem adopted as crown
  • Founded the city of Memphis
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18
Q

Middle Kingdom

A
  • Amenemhet I (Name of Pharaoh first used)

- Golden age for Egypt

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19
Q

Heliopolis

A

Sun cult

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20
Q

Atum

A

Human form

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21
Q

Re

A

Human body with falcon head

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22
Q

Book of the Dead

A

An ancient Egyptian funerary text

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23
Q

Ka

A

Spirit

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24
Q

Imhotep

A

-Famous writer, doctor, & architect who lived & worked in Egypt

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25
Q

King Khufu

A
  • Father of pyramid building
  • Also known by Cheops
  • Ruled from 2551-2528 B.C.
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26
Q

Second Intermediate Period

A
  • Between 1652 B.C. - 1567 B.C.
  • Hyksos, a Semitic people from the Arabian peninsula, invaded Egypt
  • Bronze Age Technology: New warfare such as the chariot, a heavier sword, & the compound bow
27
Q

Hieroglyphics

A

-Ancient Egyptian formal writing system using pictures

28
Q

Ahmose I-18th Dynasty

A
  • Overthrew the Hyksos. Reunited Egypt & formed the New Kingdom
  • Launched Egypt on a militaristic/imperialistic path, & employed a professional army
  • Vizers were chosen from military to be in charge of state bureaucracy
29
Q

Tutankhamon 1347-1338 B.C.

A
  • Became Pharaoh when he was 14
  • Reigned for 8-9 years
  • Only one wife, Ankhesenamun, his half sister
  • Died when he was 25 from an unknown death
30
Q

“Sea Peoples”

A

-Destroyed Egyptian power in Palestine and drove the Egyptians back to their old frontier borders

31
Q

Hatshepsut

A

-Only women Pharaoh

32
Q

Herodotus

A

-Wrote of specializations

33
Q

Fringes of Civilization

A
  • Neolithic people of Europe also domesticated animals & farmed
  • Megalithic structures: Earliest in Europe 4,000 B.C. (Stonehenge- Best known 2,100 B.C.)
34
Q

Abraham

A
  • First patriarch, brought Hebrews to Canaan from Northern Mesopotamia
  • Monotheism
  • Yahweh
35
Q

Moses

A
  • Mt. Sinai
  • Ten Commandments
  • Exodus
36
Q

Phoenicians

A

-Western Asian society created by trade, not war

37
Q

Carthage

A

Planted colonies in the Mediterranean

38
Q

Assyrians

A
  • Homeland: Northern Iraq
  • Spoke Semitic language
  • Army between 100,000 & 200,000 strong
39
Q

Royal Road of Persia

A

Susa (capital) to Sardis

40
Q

Ten Thousand Immortals

A

-The King’s personal body guards

41
Q

King Cyrus

A

-Persian King that conquered most of Western Asia and much of Central Asia within a 20 year period

42
Q

Ahura-Mazda

A

-god of truth & light

43
Q

Ahriman

A

-god of evil & darkness

44
Q

Polis

A

City-states

45
Q

Olympic Games

A

Began in 776 B.C.

46
Q

Sparta

A
  • No colonization
  • Constitution of Lycurgus
  • Perpetual military state
  • All citizens are subordinated to the state
  • No private property
47
Q

Athens

A
  • Evolution from Monarchy to Democracy

- Aristocracy with elected rulers

48
Q

Solon

A

-Reform & timocracy

49
Q

Cleisthenes

A

-Rise of Democracy

50
Q

Persian Wars 490-479 B.C.

A
  • Ionian Revolt
  • Invasion of Greece
  • Marathon
  • defining moment for Western culture
51
Q

Tyranny

A

Extra-legal rule by one man

52
Q

Socrates

A

Executed by Athens in 399

53
Q

Plato

A

Was taught by Socrates

  • Taught in the dialogue form
  • Concerned with how one acquires knowledge
  • Chief concern: ethics
54
Q

Aristotle

A

Was taught by Plato

  • Primary concern: everything
  • Organization of human knowledge
  • Division of learning into fields & subfields
55
Q

Alexander the Great (336-323)

A
  • Conquered most of known world
  • Great military leader & ruler
  • Educated student of Aristotle
  • Reorganized governments of conquered areas
56
Q

Crete

A

Location of Europe’s first civilization…Around 2000 B.C.

57
Q

King Minos

A

-Ruled a great sea empire from his palace at Knossos

58
Q

Hoplites

A

-(Infantrymen) Amateur soldiers

59
Q

Spartan Government

A

Two hereditary kings, a council of elders (gerousia), and an assembly of all equals over 30 (apella)

60
Q

Thucydides

A

Wrote about war between Athens & Sparta

61
Q

Helot

A

A member of a class of serfs in ancient Sparta, intermediate in status between salves & citizens

62
Q

Messenia

A

Regional unit in the southwestern part of the Peloponnese

63
Q

Pentathlon

A

Contest featuring five events

64
Q

Plebeian

A

Free people. Most were ordinary people, though some were wealthy

65
Q

Patricians

A

Monopolized the senate & priesthoods, and they did not intermarry with plebeians

66
Q

Phalanx

A

A body of troops, standing or moving in close formation

History 101 Exam 1 (1 decks)

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