Exam 1 terms Flashcards

1
Q

lithosphere

A

solid (rigid)
crust + upper mantle

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2
Q

aesthonosphere

A

solid (but deformable)
1-2% molten

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3
Q

mantle

A

peridotite composition (~40% SiO4)
~2800km thick
density 3.3-6 g/cm^3
~80% of Earth’s mass and volume

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4
Q

continental crust

A

granitic
density ~2.7g/cm^3
20-70 km thick

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5
Q

continental drift

A

the continents where together at one point and they have drifted apart from one another over billions of years

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6
Q

continental rift

A

a divergent boundary initiated on a continent
if successful, produces ocean basin

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7
Q

continental volcanic arc

A

at a convergent boundary between a continental and oceanic plate
the oceanic goes under and melts in the mantle that produces magma and then produces a volcanic chain and produces earthquakes

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8
Q

convergent boundary

A

plates are moving towards each other

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9
Q

divergent boundary

A

plates are moving away from each other

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10
Q

hot spot

A

a stationary mantle plume that has burned a hole in the crust and produces volcanism as the plate drifts over it
does not move
Ex) Yellowstone Stone

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11
Q

island arc

A

at a convergent boundary where an oceanic plate subducts under another one and the melting of the plates produces volcanoes that eventually form an island

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12
Q

marine magnetic anomalies

A
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13
Q

mid-ocean ridge

A

from a divergent boundary with 2 ocean plates where magma is coming up and forming new oceanic plate

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14
Q

oceanic crust

A

basaltic
density ~2.9 g/cm^3
4-7 km thick

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15
Q

normal and reversed polarity

A
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16
Q

paleomagnetism

A
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17
Q

plate tectonics

A
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18
Q

ridge-push force

A
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19
Q

rifting

A
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20
Q

slab-pull force

A
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21
Q

sea floor spreading

A
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22
Q

subduction

A
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23
Q

transform boundary/faults

A
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24
Q

trench

A
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25
Q

volcanic arc

A
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26
Q

mineral

A

naturally occurring, inorganic, solid, crystalline structure, and chemically homogeneous

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27
Q

streak

A

the color given off by a mineral when scratched on a plate

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28
Q

hardness

A
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29
Q

luster

A
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30
Q

cleavage

A
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31
Q

alluvial fan

A
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32
Q

intermediate

A
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33
Q

assimilation

A
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34
Q

mafic

A
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35
Q

bedding

A
36
Q

metamorphism

A
37
Q

cementation

A
38
Q

chemical sedimentary rocks

A
39
Q

chemical weathering

A
40
Q

clastic

A
41
Q

contact metamorphism

A
42
Q

crystalline rock

A
43
Q

crystal settling

A
44
Q

cross-bedding

A
45
Q

felsic

A
46
Q

delta

A
47
Q

dike

A
48
Q

dissolution

A
49
Q

dynamic metamorphism

A
50
Q

extrusive/volcanic rocks

A
51
Q

floodplain

A
52
Q

foliation

A
53
Q

fractional crystallization

A
54
Q

hydrolysis

A
55
Q

ice/frost wedging

A
56
Q

igneous rock

A
57
Q

intrusive/plutonic rock

A
58
Q

lagoon

A
59
Q

lava

A
60
Q

lithification

A
61
Q

magma

A
62
Q

mechanical weathering

A
63
Q

metamorphic grade

A
64
Q

partial melting

A
65
Q

peridotite/ultramafic

A
66
Q

physical weathering

A
67
Q

regional metamorphism

A
68
Q

rock cycle

A
69
Q

roundness

A
70
Q

sedimentary environment

A
71
Q

sedimentary rock types

A
72
Q

sill

A
73
Q

sorting

A
74
Q

source rock

A
75
Q

weathering

A
76
Q

continuous series

A
77
Q

discontinuous series

A
78
Q

schistosity

A
79
Q

gneissic banding

A
80
Q

slatey cleavage

A
81
Q

granoblastic

A
82
Q

index mineral

A
83
Q

recrystallization

A
84
Q

neocrystallization

A
85
Q

metamorphic aureole

A