Exam 1 terms Flashcards

1
Q

lithosphere

A

solid (rigid)
crust + upper mantle

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2
Q

aesthonosphere

A

solid (but deformable)
1-2% molten

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3
Q

mantle

A

peridotite composition (~40% SiO4)
~2800km thick
density 3.3-6 g/cm^3
~80% of Earth’s mass and volume

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4
Q

continental crust

A

granitic
density ~2.7g/cm^3
20-70 km thick

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5
Q

continental drift

A

the continents where together at one point and they have drifted apart from one another over billions of years

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6
Q

continental rift

A

a divergent boundary initiated on a continent
if successful, produces ocean basin

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7
Q

continental volcanic arc

A

at a convergent boundary between a continental and oceanic plate
the oceanic goes under and melts in the mantle that produces magma and then produces a volcanic chain and produces earthquakes

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8
Q

convergent boundary

A

plates are moving towards each other

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9
Q

divergent boundary

A

plates are moving away from each other

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10
Q

hot spot

A

a stationary mantle plume that has burned a hole in the crust and produces volcanism as the plate drifts over it
does not move
Ex) Yellowstone Stone

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11
Q

island arc

A

at a convergent boundary where an oceanic plate subducts under another one and the melting of the plates produces volcanoes that eventually form an island

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12
Q

marine magnetic anomalies

A
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13
Q

mid-ocean ridge

A

from a divergent boundary with 2 ocean plates where magma is coming up and forming new oceanic plate

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14
Q

oceanic crust

A

basaltic
density ~2.9 g/cm^3
4-7 km thick

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15
Q

normal and reversed polarity

A
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16
Q

paleomagnetism

A
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17
Q

plate tectonics

A
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18
Q

ridge-push force

A
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19
Q

rifting

A
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20
Q

slab-pull force

A
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21
Q

sea floor spreading

A
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22
Q

subduction

A
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23
Q

transform boundary/faults

A
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24
Q

trench

A
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25
volcanic arc
26
mineral
naturally occurring, inorganic, solid, crystalline structure, and chemically homogeneous
27
streak
the color given off by a mineral when scratched on a plate
28
hardness
29
luster
30
cleavage
31
alluvial fan
32
intermediate
33
assimilation
34
mafic
35
bedding
36
metamorphism
37
cementation
38
chemical sedimentary rocks
39
chemical weathering
40
clastic
41
contact metamorphism
42
crystalline rock
43
crystal settling
44
cross-bedding
45
felsic
46
delta
47
dike
48
dissolution
49
dynamic metamorphism
50
extrusive/volcanic rocks
51
floodplain
52
foliation
53
fractional crystallization
54
hydrolysis
55
ice/frost wedging
56
igneous rock
57
intrusive/plutonic rock
58
lagoon
59
lava
60
lithification
61
magma
62
mechanical weathering
63
metamorphic grade
64
partial melting
65
peridotite/ultramafic
66
physical weathering
67
regional metamorphism
68
rock cycle
69
roundness
70
sedimentary environment
71
sedimentary rock types
72
sill
73
sorting
74
source rock
75
weathering
76
continuous series
77
discontinuous series
78
schistosity
79
gneissic banding
80
slatey cleavage
81
granoblastic
82
index mineral
83
recrystallization
84
neocrystallization
85
metamorphic aureole