Exam 1 terms

Question 1

lithosphere

Answer 1

solid (rigid)
crust + upper mantle

Question 2

aesthonosphere

Answer 2

solid (but deformable)
1-2% molten

Question 3

mantle

Answer 3

peridotite composition (~40% SiO4)
~2800km thick
density 3.3-6 g/cm^3
~80% of Earth’s mass and volume

Question 4

continental crust

Answer 4

granitic
density ~2.7g/cm^3
20-70 km thick

Question 5

continental drift

Answer 5

the continents where together at one point and they have drifted apart from one another over billions of years

Question 6

continental rift

Answer 6

a divergent boundary initiated on a continent
if successful, produces ocean basin

Question 7

continental volcanic arc

Answer 7

at a convergent boundary between a continental and oceanic plate
the oceanic goes under and melts in the mantle that produces magma and then produces a volcanic chain and produces earthquakes

Question 8

convergent boundary

Answer 8

plates are moving towards each other

Question 9

divergent boundary

Answer 9

plates are moving away from each other

Question 10

hot spot

Answer 10

a stationary mantle plume that has burned a hole in the crust and produces volcanism as the plate drifts over it
does not move
Ex) Yellowstone Stone

Question 11

island arc

Answer 11

at a convergent boundary where an oceanic plate subducts under another one and the melting of the plates produces volcanoes that eventually form an island

Question 12

marine magnetic anomalies

Question 13

mid-ocean ridge

Answer 13

from a divergent boundary with 2 ocean plates where magma is coming up and forming new oceanic plate

Question 14

oceanic crust

Answer 14

basaltic
density ~2.9 g/cm^3
4-7 km thick

Question 15

normal and reversed polarity

Question 16

paleomagnetism

Question 17

plate tectonics

Question 18

ridge-push force

Question 19

rifting

Question 20

slab-pull force

Question 21

sea floor spreading

Question 22

subduction

Question 23

transform boundary/faults

Question 24

trench

Question 25

volcanic arc

Question 26

mineral

Answer 26

naturally occurring, inorganic, solid, crystalline structure, and chemically homogeneous

Question 27

streak

Answer 27

the color given off by a mineral when scratched on a plate

Question 28

hardness

Question 29

luster

Question 30

cleavage

Question 31

alluvial fan

Question 32

intermediate

Question 33

assimilation

Question 34

mafic

Question 35

bedding

Question 36

metamorphism

Question 37

cementation

Question 38

chemical sedimentary rocks

Question 39

chemical weathering

Question 40

clastic

Question 41

contact metamorphism

Question 42

crystalline rock

Question 43

crystal settling

Question 44

cross-bedding

Question 45

felsic

Question 46

delta

Question 47

dike

Question 48

dissolution

Question 49

dynamic metamorphism

Question 50

extrusive/volcanic rocks

Question 51

floodplain

Question 52

foliation

Question 53

fractional crystallization

Question 54

hydrolysis

Question 55

ice/frost wedging

Question 56

igneous rock

Question 57

intrusive/plutonic rock

Question 58

lagoon

Question 59

lava

Question 60

lithification

Question 61

magma

Question 62

mechanical weathering

Question 63

metamorphic grade

Question 64

partial melting

Question 65

peridotite/ultramafic

Question 66

physical weathering

Question 67

regional metamorphism

Question 68

rock cycle

Question 69

roundness

Question 70

sedimentary environment

Question 71

sedimentary rock types

Question 72

sill

Question 73

sorting

Question 74

source rock

Question 75

weathering

Question 76

continuous series

Question 77

discontinuous series

Question 78

schistosity

Question 79

gneissic banding

Question 80

slatey cleavage

Question 81

granoblastic

Question 82

index mineral

Question 83

recrystallization

Question 84

neocrystallization

Question 85

metamorphic aureole