exam 1 study (lesson 2.1-4.3) Flashcards
what is psychology
science of behavior and mental processes
structuralism
idea to break the bran into elements and structures like chemists – very short lived theory
functionalism
focusing on functional behavior
psychoanalysis
personalities are shaped by unconscious motives
behaviorism
study of observable behavior
hindsight bias
I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon
correlation causation relation
CORRELATION IS NOT CAUSATION
double blind procedure
both experimenters and the people being tested are unaware go the control and experiment group
parts of a neuron
soma – cell body
dendrites – (receiver) hairy like
axes – (talker)
synapses
contact point between neurons
neurotransmitters
chemical messengers going through the cells and passing the synpases
excitatory neurotransmitters
rev neurons up
inhibitory neurotransmitters
chill neurons chill
nervous vs. endocrine
N - fast transmitters but shorter effect
E - slow transmitters but longer effect
adrenal glands
fight or flight response
pancreas
level of sugar blood regulation
thyroid glands
affects metabolism
parathyroids
regulate level of calcium in blood
testes/ovaries
men/women sex hormones
pituitary gland
rules them all
hypothalamus
brain region controlling pituitary
CNS
makes bodies’ big decisions, COMMAND center
“old brain” parts
–keeps basic functions of brain running–
brain stem
medulla
pons
thalamus
reticular formation
cerebellum
brain stem
ancient and central core of brain
medulla
automatic control of beating of hearts, breathing of lungs etc.
pons
other automatic functions/movements
thalamus
sensory info
reticular formation
arousal such as sleeping, walking, pain perception
cerebellum
responsible for nonverbal learning memory, perception of time, and modulating emotions
limbic system
amygdala
hypothalamus
hippocampus
amygdala
memory of consolidation and emotion
hypothalamus
keeps the whole body steady (hunger, temp)
helps govern endocrine system
hippocampus
learning and memory
corpus callosum
connects left and right brain
cerebral cortex
thick layer of over twenty billion interconnected neurons
the four lobes:
frontal
parietal
occipital
temporal
frontal lobe
speaking, planning, judging, abstract thinking, personality aspects
parietal lobe
receive and process sense of touch and body position
occipital lobe
info related to sight
temporal
process sound, speech, comprehension
motor cortex
voluntary movement
sends messages from brain to the body
sensory cortex
process incoming sensations
association areas
related to higher mental function like remembering, thinking, learning, and speaking
consciousness
our awareness of ourselves and our environment
cognitive neuroscience
study of how brain activity is linked with our mental processes
dual processing
info is simultaneously processed on separate conscious and non-conscious tracks (ex: squirrel)
selective attention
focusing of conscious awareness
inattentional behavior
obvious things you fail to notice when your full attention is directed elsewhere
REM stand for?
rapid eye movement
nREM-1
brief moments like you’re falling, body jerks
nREM-2
relax more deeply, is asleep but can easily be woken
nREM-3
brief dreams
REM
vivid visual dreams
sleep disorders
insomnia
narcolepsy
sleep apnea
night terrors
nightmares
insomnia
problem falling or staying asleep
narcolepsy
uncontrollable sleep attacks
sleep apnea
causes to stop breathing temporary
night terrors
increased heart rates and breathing, screams, thrashing – not remembered in the morning
nightmares
during REM
drug tolerance
diminishing effect with regular use of same dose of drug
neuroadaptation
brain chem adapting to offset the drug affect
psychoactive drugs (3)
- depressants
- stimulants
- hallucinogens
depressants
mellow, slow body functions, suppress neural activity
ex: alchohol
stimulants
excite neural activity, speed up body function
ex: caffeine, nicotine
hallucinogens
- evoke sensory images
- come in plant fungal and synthetic forms
