Exam 1 Study Guide Review Flashcards
What are the differences between a sign and a symptom?
sign - objective observation
symptom - subjective experience
give an example of a sign of disease
rash
cough
high blood pressure
fever
give an example of a symptom of a disease
nausea
fatigue
headache
What is a nosocomial disease?
an infection that develops while receiving health care
a healthcare-associated infection
What is an iatrogenic disease?
a condition or illness that is unintentionally caused by medical treatment or procedures
give an example of an iatrogenic disease
Hep C from contaminated blood transfusion
stomach ulcers from NSAIDs
organ damage from surgery
What is an idiopathic disease?
A disease with an unknown cause
what is atherosclerosis?
when plaque(buildup of fatty deposits and other substances) forms on inner walls of arteries -> narrows the blood vessels reducing blood flow
what are the causes of atherosclerosis?
lifestyle-high cholesterol, smoking, inactivity, obesity
medical-diabetes, insulin resistance, chronic kidney disease, inflammatory diseases
what are the complications to atherosclerosis?
heart attack, stroke, and peripheral artery disease
how is atherosclerosis treated?
what is an aneurysm?
a bulge or ballooning in a blood vessel wall
how is an aneurysm treated?
what is atelectasis?
a condition where part or all of a lung collapses
when alveoli become blocked or compressed so they cant expand with air
what are the causes of atelectasis?
obstruction of alveoli
like pleural effusion, pneumothorax, tumors pressing on lung
what is pleural effusion?
buildup of fluid in the pleural cavity(space between lung and chest wall)
how is pleural effusion treated?
minor usually goes away on its own
thoracentesis
what is thoracentesis?
a procedure that involves draining fluid from the pleural space with a needle
what is a pneumothorax?
where air enters the pleural space
what are the complications of a pneumothorax?
air in pleural space can cause lung to partially or completely collapse
preventing lung from expanding and taking in oxygen
what does atelectasis look like?
how is atelectasis treated?
what is pancreatic cancer?
cancer in the pancreas
what are the causes of pancreatic cancer?
lifestyle -
smoking
obesity
diabetes
chronic pancreatitis
excessive alcohol
genetics
how is pancreatic cancer treated?
what is hyperthyroidism?
when he thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone.
what are the causes of hyperthyroidism?
graves disease
thyroid nodules
thyroiditis
certain medications
what are thyroid nodules?
benign growths on the thyroid gland that can produce excess hormone
what is graves disease?
an autoimmune disorder where the body attacks the thyroid gland
what does hyperthyroidism look like?
bulging eyes(graves disease)
enlarged thyroid gland(goiter)
warm skin
fine brittle hair
weight loss
what is hypothyroidism?
when the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones
what are the causes to hypothyroidism?
hashimoto thyroiditis
iodine deficiency
thyroid surgery
radiation therapy
certain medications
what is hashimoto thyroiditis?
an autoimmune disorder where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland
what are symptoms of hypothyroidism?
fatigue
weight gain
cold intolerance
dry skin and hair
puffy face
slow heart rate
what are the differences between hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism?
hyper is too much thy hormone
-accelerated bodily functions
-weight loss
-frequent bowel movement
hypo is too little thy hormone
-slowed bodily functions
-weight gain
-fatigue
-constipation
