Exam 1 (Study Guide Questions)

Question 1

What are the two motives that drive much of our thoughts and behaviors?

Answer 1

1. The need to be accurate

2. The need to feel good about ourselves (e.g., the self-esteem approach)

Question 2

Social psychology . . .
A. Focuses on individual differences in people’s reactions.
B. Investigates human behavior in terms of their traits.
C. Researches behavior at group, institution, or society level.
D. Examines the individual in the context of a social situation.

Answer 2

D. Examines the individual in the context of a social situation.

Question 3

Social psychology . . .
A. Focuses on individual differences in people’s reactions.
B. Investigates human behavior in terms of their traits.
C. Researches behavior at group, institution, or society level.
D. Examines the individual in the context of a social situation.

Answer 3

D. Examines the individual in the context of a social situation.

Question 4

Therefore, the difference between Social Psychology and Sociology & Personality Psychology lies
A. in varying goals in how to help people
B. In the level of analysis
C. In the difference between science and philosophy
D. In different perspectives of how we view our social world.

Answer 4

B. In the level of analysis

Question 5

Which of the following is not a concept that drives most of our thoughts and behaviors?
A. Our need to be accurate
B. Our desire to build our own self-esteem
C. Our desire to find objective truths about our world.

Answer 5

C. Our desire to find objective truths about our world.

Question 6

The manner in which the subjects played the Wall Street or Cooperative games showed
A. People’s cognitive processes to build self-esteem
B. The effects of the fundamental attribution error
C. That our personalities dictate how we respond to situations
D. How schemas differ when we’re extrinsically motivated.

Answer 6

B. The effects of the fundamental attribution error

Question 7

Interjudge reliability is typical of which research method?
A. Experimental
B. Observational
C. Correlational
D. Content analysis

Answer 7

B. Observational

Question 8

As the independent variable goes up, the dependent variable goes up. What kind of correlation is this?
A. Negative
B. Positive
C. Weak
D. Strong

Answer 8

B. Positive

Question 9

The only way to prove a causal relationship is through:
A. An experimental design
B. A very strong correlation
C. Extensive observational research
D. Longitudinal survey research

Answer 9

A. An experimental design

Question 10

The closer a correlational coefficient is to -1 or 1, the \_\_\_\_\_ the relationship.
A. Weaker
B. Steeper
C. Stronger
D. More ambiguous

Answer 10

C. Stronger

Question 11

If I’m measuring how playing violent video games affects prosocial behavior, the IV is:
A. Prosocial behavior
B. Playing violent video games
C. The level of aggressiveness they report prior to playing

Answer 11

B. Playing violent video games

Question 12

I’m concerned that all the aggressive people from the sample will be in the experimental group. How is this controlled?
A. Random samples control for this
B. Random assignment controls for this
C. I’ll put people in groups that favor the hypothesis

Answer 12

B. Random assignment controls for this

Question 13

Internal validity is . . .
A. How well the results of the experiment can be generalized
B. Everyone has the same chance of being picked for the study
C. The extent to which we are measuring what we intended to
D. Subjects are distributed randomly to the control/experiment

Answer 13

C. The extent to which we are measuring what we intended to

Question 14

A form that is approved by the IRB to gain subjects’ permission to participate in a study.
A. Gaining formal assent
B. Informed consent
C. An outline of what researchers expect to find from the study
D. Debriefing and disclosing any deceit involved in the study

Answer 14

B. Informed consent

Question 15

We are more likely to use schemas when the situation . . .
A. is ambiguous
B. Is routine and habitual
C. Is threatening
D. Prompts use of prejudice

Answer 15

A. is ambiguous

Question 16

The 1950 Kelley study with guest lecturers was meant to simulate
A. how we use schemas to fill in spaces of ambiguity
B. Accessibility related to a current goal
C. The consensus that students came to about his narcissism
D. The availability heuristic

Answer 16

A. how we use schemas to fill in spaces of ambiguity

Question 17

Schemas are to ___ as heuristics are to ___.
A. Mental shortcuts; organization structures for situations
B. Patterns; aggregates
C. Organizational structures for situations; mental shortcuts
D. Conclusions; processes

Answer 17

C. Organizational structures for situations; mental shortcuts

Question 18

If an NYC student is blonde, tan, and has a surfer’s accent, I could assume he’s from California. This reflects
A. Base rate information
B. Representative heuristics
C. Availability heuristic

Answer 18

B. Representative heuristics

Question 19

Assuming he is from New York because NYU students are typically from New York represents
A. Representative of the population
B. Base rate information
C. Chronic accessibility

Answer 19

B. Base rate information

Question 20

Analytic is to \_\_\_ as holistic is to \_\_\_.
A. Collectivistic; individualistic
B. Individualistic; collectivistic
C. Scientific; philosophical
D. Philosophical; scientific

Answer 20

B. Individualistic; collectivistic

Question 21

Traits we perceive early on in others influence how we view info that we learn about them later
A. Consistent schemas of judgment
B. Primacy effect
C. Belief perseverance

Answer 21

B. Primacy effect

Question 22

In two studies discussed in class, the computer generated game of catch was meant to simulate
A. Intellectual threats
B. Social exclusion
C. An anger response
D. The backfire effect

Answer 22

B. Social exclusion

Question 23

What concept is the Wall Street vs. Community game study tied to?

Answer 23

Fundamental Attribution Error