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COMM 1337 - Intro to Mass Comm > Exam 1 Study Guide (Chapters 1-5) > Flashcards

Exam 1 Study Guide (Chapters 1-5) Flashcards

Review chapters 1-5

1
Q

Which of the following social media traits is NOT shared with earlier, traditional mass media?

A

C.) THEY ENABLE INTERACTIVE DIALOGUE FOR THEIR USERS. **

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2
Q

Media literacy involves all of the following EXCEPT:

A

Appropriately balancing the costs and benefits of various media messages

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3
Q

According to the media research firm Nielsen, ____________ is the top media activity for the majority of Americans.

A

television

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4
Q

Mass media has become so integrated into people’s lives, that ___________ is common.

A

media multitasking

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5
Q

On most days, the most-listened-to item in morning newscasts is _____________?

A

the weather

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6
Q

Newspaper, radio, television, and magazine companies cannot survive unless they ______________?

A

deliver an audience to advertisers.

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7
Q

The type of communication that occurs between two individuals, either by themselves or a small group, is ___________ communication.

A

interpersonal

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8
Q

An executive participating in a business meeting is engaged in ____________ communication.

A

group

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9
Q

In order for something to be categorized as group communication, the audience must ______________.

A

be more than one person and all be within earshot.

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10
Q

Unlike production for industrial media, the production of content for social media ____________.

A

uses readily accessible and affordable software tools

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11
Q

Media literacy involves ____________.

A

knowledge about mass media and the application of critical thinking

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12
Q

Most of our media exposure is through ___________.

A

an unconscious level

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13
Q

The most visible form of information delivered by mass media is ____________.

A

news

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14
Q

The most obvious form of mass media intended to persuade is _____________.

A

advertising

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15
Q

English thinker John Milton advocated exposure to competing ideas as the best way to discover the truth in a concept he termed the ____________.

A

a marketplace of ideas

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16
Q

A defining characteristic of mass communication is that it _____________.

A

relies on technology

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17
Q

Johan and Marcus stop in a hallway and talk about the weekend basketball game. This situation is an example of ____________.

A

interpersonal communication

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18
Q

Traditional media products and new products are emerging from ____________.

A

digital technology

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19
Q

Which technology have photography and movies relied on throughout most of their history?

A

chemical technology

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20
Q

The first of the electronic media was ____________.

A

sound recording

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21
Q

The man who invented movable type and printed at least 200 bibles with it was ____________?

A

Johannes Gutenberg

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22
Q

Which technological innovation of the 1440’s allowed scientists to print their theories and experimental results for wide dissemination? ___________.

A

movable metal type

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23
Q

Frederick Ives invented which process in 1876 that allowed visual images to be printed to accompany the words printed on a page? ____________.

A

halftone

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24
Q

The process of reproducing black and white images by printing variously sized dots of ink that look like different tones of gray is _____________?

A

halftone printing

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25
Q

By the time of the U.S. Civil War, this still-developing technology made it possible to capture a new kind of archival record? ___________.

A

photography

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26
Q

The melding of print, electronic, and photographic media into digitized form is called ____________?

A

media convergence

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27
Q

The narrative model of mass communication includes four key questions. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

A

A.) Who says what?
B.) In which channel?
C.) To whom?
D.) UNDER WHAT CIRCUMSTANCES? **

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28
Q

An economic system in which private owners operate businesses for profit is called ___________?

A

capitalism

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29
Q

With rare exception, the primary goal of most U.S. mass media is to ___________?

A

make profits

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30
Q

Mass media industries earn most of their profits from ____________?

A

advertising and sales

31
Q

Conglomerates typically use all of the following business practices EXCEPT ____________?

A

A.) BOARD LEVEL MICROMANAGEMENT OF ALL ASPECTS OF THEIR OPERATION. **
B.) day-to-day decision-making is done by appointed middle managers.
C.) major policy and profit expectations are set by a board of directors.
D.) performance-based evaluation systems treat underachievers as expendable.

32
Q

Skeptics fear that if community foundations took over the operation of local newspapers, the papers would ___________?

A

emphasize favorable publicity for the community instead of the hard-hitting news.

33
Q

Because of its inherent high costs, many newspapers have abandoned __________ reporting.

A

investigative reporting

34
Q

Which similarity exists between content and the grassroots reason for why government has historically been hands-off when it comes to the media?

A

concerns of censorship

35
Q

The first three phases in the process of turning new technology into a successful mass media industry include all of the following EXCEPT ____________?

A

Inspiration - the spark of an idea about a new way to communicate (i.e., a new medium).

36
Q

A group of web designers decides to try and organize and create a new trade union. This situation represents which phase in the evolution of a mass medium _____________?

A

maturation

37
Q

The continuing trend in mass media ownership is the ___________.

A

consolidation into fewer but bigger companies dominating each industry.

38
Q

Despite concerns about government involvement in the mass media, one of the best examples of the U.S. government offering direct financial support to mass media is the ____________.

A

Corporation for Public Broadcasting

39
Q

The first true mass medium was ___________?

A

newspapers

40
Q

The first sound recording and playback machine was __________?

A

phonograph

41
Q

T/F: Media literacy involves knowledge about mass media and the application of critical thinking?

A

True

42
Q

Which innovation made the printing press an agent for mass communication? __________.

A

movable metal-type

43
Q

An industry dominated by a few companies is called a ___________?

A

oligopoly

44
Q

The four characteristics used to distinguish all the ink on paper media from one another to include all of the following EXCEPT _________?

A

size

45
Q

One characteristic that distinguishes mass communication from interpersonal and group communication is ___________?

A

lack of immediate feedback

46
Q

One trait of media conglomerates is ____________?

A

ownership of subsidiaries that remain distinct operating entities

47
Q

The Internet emerged as a major mass medium in the __________?

A

1990’s

48
Q

What internet service provider first dominated the Internet in the 1990’s? ___________.

A

America Online

49
Q

During the early development of the Internet, what did its creators envision for the future? __________.

A

a commercial-free system

50
Q

Consumers today expect to find __________ media online.

A

all

51
Q

Texting on cellular networks generally limits messages to __________?

A

140 characters

52
Q

After several mass murders on college campuses in 2008, many universities instituted __________?

A

text message alerts to cell phones

53
Q

A journal-like website with continuing narrative, generally personal, it’s called a(n) ___________?

A

blog

54
Q

Blogs ___________?

A

have the potential to make a computer user a mass communicator.

55
Q

When Harvard sophomore Mark Zuckerberg posted pictures of sorority members on his blog and asked people to vote for the “hotter” one, it marked the beginning of ___________?

A

Facebook

56
Q

___________ is the largest social network.

A

Facebook

57
Q

Ashton Kutcher became the first person to attract 1 million followers on _________?

A

Twitter

58
Q

Jimmy Wales developed which online reference site that allows people to collaborate on writing and editing web content? ___________.

A

Wikipedia

59
Q

Ben Day’s launch of his New York Sun is significant in the history of newspapers because it ___________?

A

was the first to rely on advertising to make a profit

60
Q

The basic organizational structure of most newspapers includes all of the following operating units EXCEPT ___________?

A

A.) advertising
B.) circulation
C.) ENTERTAINMENT ***
D.) news-editorial

61
Q

Newspapers in the 21st century include people with all of the following job titles EXCEPT __________?

A

A.) bookkeepers.
B.) editors.
C.) publishers.
D.) TYPESETTERS **

62
Q

Newspaper circulation in the United States continues to __________?

A

decline

63
Q

Muckraking is ___________.

A

an early term for investigative reporting

64
Q

Which of the following was NOT an innovation by the magazine industry? __________.

A

printing the full text of presidential speeches

65
Q

Independently owned record-making companies that are not part of the Big Four are called ___________?

A

indies

66
Q

Adam Shlachter calls the generation coming of age now Generation S. The S stands for ___________?

A

screen

67
Q

Rupert Murdoch, who controls News Corp. and other media ventures, is well known for his ___________.

A

profit-driven motivation

68
Q

In the eyes of critics like Senator Al Franken, the dangers of media conglomeration include all of the following EXCEPT _________?

A

A.) large media corporations pay lower tax rates so the government collects less revenue

69
Q

The Newspaper Preservation Act of 1970 allowed newspapers to ____________?

A

combine non-news operations without violating anti-trust laws.

70
Q

The 1927 Federal Radio Act authorized the federal government to _____________?

A

issued a license to radio stations and regulate the over-crowded airwaves

71
Q

The largest example of a successful media cooperative is _____________?

A

the associated press

72
Q

What advertisers are really paying the mass media for is __________?

A

access to potential customers

73
Q

Mass communication involves sending a message to a great number of people who ___________?

A

are in widely separated locations

COMM 1337 - Intro to Mass Comm (2 decks)

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