Exam 1 - Study Guide

Question 1

Element

Answer 1

o The entities on which data are collect

o Ex. The restaurant

Question 2

Variable

Answer 2

o A characteristic of interest for the elements

o Ex. Sandwiches, salads, soups, etc.

Question 3

Observation

Answer 3

o The set of measurements obtained for a particular element

o Ex. Burger King: chicken sandwich, side salad, potato soup (1 observation)

Question 4

Categorical Data

Answer 4

 Data that can be grouped by specific categories

 Use either the nominal or ordinal scale of measurement

Question 5

Quantitative Data

Answer 5

 Data that use numeric values to indicate how much or how many
 Use either the interval or ratio scale of measurement

Question 6

Nominal

Answer 6

 Labels or names that are used to identify an attribute of the element
 Ex. Ford Motor Company, US, Purple

Question 7

Ordinal

Answer 7

 Exhibit the property of nominal data but ranking is meaningful
 Ex. AAA, AA, A, BBB, BB, B, CCC, CC, C, etc.

Question 8

Interval

Answer 8

 If the data have all the properties of ordinal data and the interval between values is expressed in terms of a fixed unit of measure
 Always numeric
 Ex. SAT scores

Question 9

Ratio

Answer 9

 The data have all of the properties of interval data and the ratio of the two values is meaningful
 Requires that a zero value be included to show that nothing exists for the variable at that point
 Ex. Distance, height, weight, time

Question 10

Sample

Answer 10

the smaller group of elements in a particular study; a subset of the population

Question 11

Population

Answer 11

the larger group of elements in a particular study; all of the elements in a particular study

Question 12

Data Size

Answer 12

The number of individual organisms in a sample

Question 13

Population Size

Answer 13

The number of individual organisms in a population

Question 14

Sample “Statistic”

Answer 14

Any quantity that you derive from a sample taken from a population with the intention of using this quantity to estimate same but unknown parts of the population

Question 15

Population “Parameter”

Answer 15

A numeric value that represents the population

Question 16

Dot Plot

Answer 16

 A statistical chart consisting of data points plotted on a fairly simple scaled

Question 17

Histogram

Answer 17

 An accurate representation of the distribution of numerical data

Question 18

Stem-and-Leaf Display

Answer 18

 A graphical display used to show simultaneously the rank order and shape of a distribution of data

Question 19

Ogive

Answer 19

 A cumulative frequency graph

Question 20

Pie Chart

Answer 20

 Provides another graphical display for presenting relative frequency and percent frequency distributions for categorical data

Question 21

Cross Tabulation

Answer 21

 A tabular summary of data for two variables

Question 22

Pivot Table

Answer 22

 Can be used to summarize the data for two or more variables simultaneously

Question 23

Scatter Diagram/Trendline

Answer 23

 Scatter Diagram: a graphical display of the relationship between two quantitative variables
 Trendline: a line that provides an approximation of the relationship

Question 24

Bar Chart

Answer 24

 A diagram in which the numerical values of variables are represented by the height or length of lines or rectangles of equal width

Question 25

Mean

Answer 25

``` o Average value o The most important measure of location o The central location of data o Sample = bar over x o Population = Greek letter u o Excel: =AVERAGE(a1:12) ```

Question 26

Median

Answer 26

o The value in the middle when the data are arranged in ascending order o Excel:=MEDIAN(a1:a12)

Question 27

Mode

Answer 27

o The value that occurs with greatest frequency o Excel: =MODE.SNGL(a1:a12) o Excel: = MODE.MULT(a1:a12) (Fancy Formula)

Question 28

Quartiles 1, 2, and 3

Answer 28

o Dividing a data set into four parts with each part containing approximately 25% of the observations o 1st is 25%, 2nd is 50%, 3rd is 75% o Excel: =QUARTILE.EXC(a1:a21,1)

Question 29

Percentiles

Answer 29

o Provides information about how the data are spread over the interval from the largest value to the smallest value o Excel: =PERCENTILE.EXC(a1:a21)

Question 30

Range

Answer 30

o The simplest measure of variability | o Largest value – smallest value

Question 31

Interquartile Range

Answer 31

o A measure of variability that overcomes dependency on extreme values o Q3 – Q1

Question 32

Varience

Answer 32

o A measure of variability that utilizes all the data o The difference between the value of each observation and the mean o Excel: VAR.S(a1:a21)

Question 33

Standard Deviation

Answer 33

o The positive square root of the variance | o Excel: STDEV.S(a1:a21)

Question 34

Coefficient of Variation

Answer 34

o How large the standard deviation is relative to the mean o Usually expressed as a percentage o Excel: (standard deviation/mean x 100)%