Exam 1 Study Guide 6

Question 1

The simplest of all organic compounds- composed only of carbon and hydrogen atoms

Answer 1

Hydrocarbon

Question 2

Increase in number of carbon increases ___

Answer 2

boiling point

Question 3

The structure of ___ reveals bend

Answer 3

propane

Question 4

Hydrocarbons exhibit ___

Answer 4

isomerization

Question 5

molecules with the same molecular formula but different arrangement of atoms

Answer 5

structural isomers

Question 6

Carbon atoms have a characteristic ___ arrangement of their four single bonds

Answer 6

tetrahedral

Question 7

Carbon-carbon single bonds have ___, as shown for the compound ethane

Answer 7

freedom of rotation

Question 8

Double bonds are ___ and do not allow ___. The two doubly bonded carbons and the atoms designated A, B, X and Y all lie in the same rigid plane.

Answer 8

shorter

freedom of rotation

Question 9

molecules that differ in the arrangement of functional groups at either side of a non-rotating double bond

Answer 9

geometric isomer

Question 10

Hydrocarbons are composed of ___ and ___

Answer 10

Carbon

Hydrogen

Question 11

Hydrocarbons are ___ and ___

Answer 11

non-polar

hydrophobic

Question 12

Oxygen-containing functional groups are found in the following groups molecules

Answer 12

Alcohols
organic acids
carbohydrates
amino acids
nucleic acids
lipids
metabolites

Question 13

Alcohols maintain inter-molecular hydrogen bonding and this hydrogen bonding contributes to the ___ for alcohols

Answer 13

higher boiling temperature

Question 14

Because of hydrogen-bonding, alcohols are ___

Answer 14

water soluble

Question 15

Final product of fermentation in many microorganisms

Answer 15

metabolites (ethanol)

Question 16

all ___ contain an aspect ratio of one hydroxyl group per skeletal carbon

Answer 16

carbohydrates

Question 17

___ are most commonly stored as glycerol esters

Answer 17

Fatty acids

Question 18

Several of the ___ have side chains containing hydroxyl groups

Answer 18

amino acids

Question 19

Aldehyde group is present in an important class of sugars: ___

Answer 19

aldoses

Question 20

Name 3 Aldoses

Answer 20

glyceraldehyde
ribose
glucose

Question 21

These reactions are particularly important in the chemistry of carbohydrates. These reactions are needed for conversion of a linear sugar to cyclic molecule.

Answer 21

Reactivity of Ketones with Alcohols

Question 22

___ are carboxylated long-chain hydrocarbons

Answer 22

fatty acids

Question 23

Reactivity of an alcohol and a carboxylic group generates an

Answer 23

ester

Question 24

like carboxylic acids, esters are also ___

Answer 24

charged-polarized

Question 25

amines act as ___

Answer 25

bases

Question 26

___ are involved in a proton-transfer reaction

Answer 26

amino groups

Question 27

amino acids contain both ___ and ___ groups

Answer 27

amino-

carboxy-

Question 28

amino acids reacting with their amino and carboxylic ends generate a ___ and generate a ___

Answer 28

peptide bond

polypeptide

Question 29

___ is the only amino acid with a guanidino-containing side chain

Answer 29

arginine

Question 30

___ is a guanidino with high energy phosphate transfer potential

Answer 30

creatine

Question 31

___ can act as acid or base

Answer 31

imizadole

Question 32

___ in Cystein makes covalent bridges between polypeptides

Answer 32

sulfhydryl group

Question 33

sulfhydryls and carboxylic groups react to make ___

Answer 33

thio-esters

Question 34

___ are high-energy molecules and release a large amount of energy upon hydrolysis

Answer 34

Thio-ester

Question 35

reactivity of alcohol and phosphate results in a ___

Answer 35

phosphate ester