Exam 1 Study Guide

Question 1

Two objectives of sport & exercise psychology

Answer 1

1. Learn how psychological factors affect an individual’s physical performance.
2. Understand how participation in sport and exercise affects a person’s psychological development, health, and well-being.

Question 2

Three roles that sport and exercise psychology specialists do.

Answer 2

Research, consulting, and teaching

Question 3

Traits of clinical sport psychologists

Answer 3

Licensed psychologist

Trained to work with individuals with severe emotional disorders

Help athletes with issues like eating disorders and substance abuse

Question 4

Traits of educational sport psychology specialists

Answer 4

Mental coach approach

Physical education, kinesiology, or exercise and sport training

Educates and increases athlete and coach awareness relative to issues like anxiety management and confidence development

Question 5

Sport & Exercise Psychology

Answer 5

the scientific study of people and their behavior in sport and exercise.

Question 6

Norman Triplett

Answer 6

A sports psychologist from the 1890’s who first developed sports psychology.

Question 7

Coleman Griffith

Answer 7

A sports psychologist from the 1920’s who is regarded as the father of American sport psychology.

Question 8

Franklin Henry

Answer 8

A sports psychologist from the 1940’s who is responsible for sport psychology’s scientific development.

Question 9

Bruce Ogilvie

Answer 9

A sports psychologist from the 1960’s who is referred to as the father of North American applied sport psychology.

Question 10

Dorothy Harris

Answer 10

The first American woman sport psychologist.

Question 11

Personality

Answer 11

a dynamic and organized set of characteristics possessed by a person that uniquely influences his or her cognitions, motivations, and behaviors in various situations.

Question 12

Psychological core

Answer 12

Most basic attitudes, values, interests, motives, and self-worth of a person. (the “real” person)

Most stable and internal
Ex: religious beliefs and respect (Tim Tebow)

Question 13

Typical responses

Answer 13

The way one typically adjust or responds to the environment.

Ex: happy-go-lucky and shy (Phil Kessel)

Question 14

Role-related behavior

Answer 14

How one acts in a particular social situation.

Ex: aggressive on the football field, but kind and gentle with family. (Marshawn Lynch)

Question 15

Psychodynamic approach

Answer 15

Behavior determined by unconscious and conscious, changing factors that often conflict with one another. (Id, ego, superego)

Question 16

Trait approach

Answer 16

Relatively stable, consistent attributes that exert generalized casual effects on behavior.

Question 17

Situational approach

Answer 17

People learning behavior in and from specific situations.

Question 18

Interactional approach

Answer 18

Situation and person are co-determinants of behavior.

Question 19

Phenomenological approach

Answer 19

Behavior is best determined by accounting for situational and personal characteristics.

Question 20

Emotion

Answer 20

an organized psychophysiological reaction to ongoing relationships with the environment.

Question 21

Motivation

Answer 21

the direction and intensity of one’s effort.

Question 22

Trait-centered view (participant-centered view)

Answer 22

motivated behavior is a function of individual characteristics.

Question 23

Situation-centered view

Answer 23

motivation level is determined by situation.

Question 24

Interactional view

Answer 24

motivation results neither solely from participant factors or situational factors.

Question 25

Achievement motivation

Answer 25

a person’s efforts to master a task, achieve excellence, overcome obstacles, perform better than others, and take pride in exercising talent.

Question 26

Need achievement theory

Answer 26

an interactional view that considers both personal and situational factors as important predictors of behavior.

Question 27

Attribution theory

Answer 27

This theory focuses on how people explain their successes and failures.