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Law, Crime, & C.J. System > Exam 1 Study Guide > Flashcards

Exam 1 Study Guide Flashcards

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1
Q

When did the crime rate in US begin to decline?

A

1992

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2
Q

When did the crime rate in US begin to level off?

A

2000

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3
Q

Public believes crime rate is going up to this day. T/F

A

True

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4
Q

Define the 1st def of crime

A

type of behavior, defined as illegal by legislation

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5
Q

Define the 2nd def of crime

A

What is defined as criminal “relative.” What is defined as criminal is likely to change across time. (This also changes across states

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6
Q

What is defined as crime depends on the _____, (i.e. history), _____ (i.e. culture), and ______ (e.g. the state) [e.g. 50 states] that the behavior is found in.

A

time, history, and place

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7
Q

Even in a society with no crime there will always be deviance. T/F

A

True

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8
Q

If there is no law against something then it is not a crime T/F

A

True

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9
Q

What gives people something to point at and say “don’t be like that!”

A

Deviance

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10
Q

Define the Consensus Model Perspective

A

) Suggests that the laws represent our beliefs + agreements about what is right and what is wrong. Suggests we have ideal system. (Everyone treated equally)

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11
Q

Define the Conflict Model Perspective

A

Law represents the interests of the powerful! Enforced selectively on the powerlist. Perspective focuses on power and the criminal.

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12
Q

Define Violent Crime

A

: Here you have a person as a perpetrator and an individual (and their’ person) as the victim.

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13
Q

Are violent crimes more serious than property crimes? If so, then why?

A

Yes, because its dealing with an actual victim.

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14
Q

What is goal in a property crime?

A

Economic gain

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15
Q

Index I Crimes in UCR are more serious than Index II Crimes. T/F

A

True

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16
Q

List all violent crimes in UCR in order from most serious to least serious.

A

Criminal Homicide, Rape, Robbery, Aggravated Assault

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17
Q

Define Criminal Homicide

A

Willful killing of one individual by another without legal justification

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18
Q

Define Rape

A

(Carnal Knowledge - knowledge of body) use of force or threat of use of force, usually male is perpetrator, female is victim. More violent and serious offense in the eyes of the officer

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19
Q

Define Robbery

A

Threat from a person, stealing from a body (not place)

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20
Q

Define Aggravated Assault

A

Unlawful attack by one person on another. Attempts with a weapon are included.

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21
Q

You are less likely to be victimized by someone you know rather by someone you don’t know. T/F

A

False, you are more likely to be victimized by someone you know rather than don’t

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22
Q

What percent of crimes committed in Index I are property crimes?

A

90%

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23
Q

List all the property crimes in Index I of UCR.

A

Burglary, Motor Vehicle Theft, Larceny, Arson

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24
Q

Define Burglary

A

Unlawful entry of a building or structure with the intent to commit a felony.

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25
Q

Define Motor Vehicle Theft

A

Attempts or stealing of a vehicle

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26
Q

Define Larceny

A

Items being stolen (ex. bikes, computers)

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27
Q

Define Arson

A

Destruction with the use of fire

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28
Q

Which property crime accounts for 60% of all crimes in Index I?

A

Larceny

29
Q

Larceny is one of the most common crimes committed according to the UCR. T/F

A

True

30
Q

A crime is ______ when someone has been arrested, charged, and turned over to the Courts for prosecution.

A

cleared

31
Q

Define Public Order Crime

A

Behaviors that are labeled criminal because they run contrary to shared norms and/or values. Linked to consensus model

32
Q

Define Mala Prohibita

A

Not inherently evil (e.g. gambling, illicit drugs, prostitution…)

33
Q

Define WCC (White Collared Crime)

A

Crime committed during the course of an occupation. (e.g. , stock manipulation, tax fraud).

34
Q

Do white collared crimes create more of an impact on society than street crimes?

A

Yes

35
Q

Define Organized Crime

A

Where “quasi” (organized groups of individuals) operate illegitimately to satisfy the general public’s desires (e.g. drugs, 18th Amend. - prohibited sale, distribution of alcohol)

36
Q

Define High Tech Crime

A

Use of computers, intelligence, and/or technology for gain of some sort. (e.g. ID Theft, embezzlement/theft…, sabotage, viruses)

37
Q

Define Terrorism

A

The use of force, or the threat of the use of force, to obtain political objectives

38
Q

The purpose of the CJ System is to attain 3 goals. Name these goals.

A

To Control Crime, To prevent crime, to provide and maintain “justice”

39
Q

Define Federalism

A

A form of govt. in which a written Constitution provides for a division of powers between the federal gov & 50 States (dual system)

40
Q

If you violate state law you go to state court and from there a state pentitary. However, if you violate federal law you can be sentenced to any prison. T/F

A

True

41
Q

Define Probation

A

a sentence that does not (typically) involve confinement (minor form of corrections)

42
Q

Is probation the most common form of punishment for a crime?

A

Yes

43
Q

When one commits a felony they go to ____. However, when one commits a misdemeanor that person goes to ______.

A

Prison, jail

44
Q

When going to jail typically that person is only sentenced for ______. However, when going to prison that person is typically sentenced for _______.

A

less than 1 year, more than 1 year

45
Q

Define Parole

A

Early release from prison. (Like probation except you go to prison first and get out early on good behavior.

46
Q

Chief Purposes of CJ system?

A

Enforce the law and keep the peace

47
Q

Which state has no police/patrol function in the US?

A

Hawaii is the only state that has no state police/patrol function.

48
Q

What was the population of jails and prisons at the end of 2010?

A

2.3 Million, US is number 1! First time seen a reduction from 2.4 in 30 yrs.

49
Q

What percent of those charged with a felony go to trial?

A

Only about 5%

50
Q

List the Wedding Cake model from top to bottom

A

Celebrity Cases, High Profile Felonies, Ordinary Felonies, Misdemeanors

51
Q

Define Celebrity Cases (referring to Wedding Cake Model)

A

everyone hears about these cases, famous lawyers, “ideal justice” - ppl think this is what all court cases are like, when they’re not

52
Q

Define High Profile Felonies (referring to Wedding Cake Model)

A

more formal (when media gets involved prosecutor unable to plea bargain because ppl want to see them go to trial)

53
Q

Define Ordinary Felonies (referring to Wedding Cake Model)

A

Informally (plea bargain, make a deal)

54
Q

Define Misdemeanors (reffering to Wedding Cake Model)

A

These are speedy cases

55
Q

Define The Dark Figure of Crime

A

The actual amount of crime in society. The figure is considered dark or impossible to detect because a great # of crimes are never reported

56
Q

For a crime to be included in UCR someone must…

A

Report It & Record It

57
Q

What is the equation for finding crime rate?

A

of Index I Crimes reported divided by # of population (for that area) x 100,000

58
Q

What is the equation for finding murder rate?

A

of murders reported divided by # of population (for that area) x 100,000

59
Q

Which violent crime is measured the best?

A

Homicide

60
Q

Why don’t people report crimes?

A

Fear of the offender, nothing can be done, and composition of the crime (Intra-group within same group)

61
Q

Define National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)

A

Ask general public about victimizations. Findings: The actual amount in the US is several times higher than what the UCR suggests

62
Q

At what age can a person begin to be asked questions to contribute to the NCVS?

A

12 and up

63
Q

To be considered a delinquent if one commits a crime how old do you have to be?

A

17 and younger

64
Q

If you commit a crime at the age of 18 and up you are labeled a criminal. No longer are your acts considered delinquent but criminal. T/F

A

True

65
Q

What are the findings of self-report data?

A

Several times more crime, Just about everyone, if not everyone, has committed an offense, which (at least from a strict point of view) could have landed them in incarceration, There is virtually no class/crime or race/crime relationship, No specialization in offenses (talking about average offenders, not sex offenders)

66
Q

Where is crime more likely to occur?

A

The West & South, higher in urban areas (cities), neighborhood phenomenon called hotspots

67
Q

What percent of persons are involved with illegal drugs and alcohol at time of arrest?

A

60-80%

68
Q

Once involved with drugs & alcohol typically drives crime & delinquency up. T/F

A

True

Law, Crime, & C.J. System (2 decks)

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