Exam 1 Study Guide Flashcards
Who founded experimental psychology?
William Wundt
Who founded structuralism?
Titchener and Wundt
Who founded functionalism?
William James
Who founded behaviorism?
John Watson
Who founded Gestalt theory?
Wertheimer
What is humanism?
Unconditional positive regard for others
What are the differences between a psychologist, a psychiatrist, a social worker, and a counselor?
A psychologist is doctorate level and specializes in research and testing as well as theory. A psychiatrist is an MD that specializes in areas of the mind and use treatments. A social worker is master’s level and is trained in social policy and theory. A counselor is master’s level and is trained in theory and technique.
What areas do psychologists practice in? What is the most common area?
They work in hospitals, with the government, businesses, schools and independent practice, but the most common area is universities.
What are the different types of contemporary views?
Neuroscience perspective, behavioral perspective, psychodynamic perspective, cognitive perspective, and humanistic perspective
What’s the difference between classical and operant conditioning?
The responses in operant are voluntary and in classical they are involuntary.
Describe Pavlov’s experiment.
Pavlov paired a bell (NS) with meat (UCS) to create a conditioned response (CR). After pairing them multiple times the unconditioned response, salivating at the meat, became a conditioned response to the bell.
What was the Little Albert experiment and who conducted it?
The Little Albert experiment was conducted by John B Watson and his colleague Rosalie Raynor. They conducted an experiment to see is fear could be conditioned. Every time they handed Little Albert a white furry rat, they would make a loud noise frightening him. Soon he feared the white rat and objects that looked similar.
What type of conditioning describes phobias?
Classical conditioning
What are the different types of reinforcement?
Positive and negative reinforcement. Positive reinforcement is additive and is the addition of something as a reward. Negative reinforcement takes away something unpleasant as a reward.
Describe behavior modification.
Behavior modification seeks to increase desirable behaviors and decrease unwanted ones. It identifies goals and target behaviors, designs a data recording system and records preliminary data, selects a behavior change strategy, implements the program, keeps careful records after the program is implemented, and evaluates and alters the ongoing program.
What was the Bobo Doll experiment?
Bandura, with Ross and Ross, observed if aggression was innate or learned. They had children watch an adult hit an inflatable toy Bobo doll. When the children were given the opportunity to play with Bobo, they mimicked the aggressive behavior.
What are the four elements of observational learning?
Attention, Retention, Motor Reproduction, and Reinforcement.
What are the goals of psychology?
The four goals are to describe, explain, predict, and change.
