Exam 1 Study Guide Flashcards
7 STDs (+MPox), male & female anatomy & pelvis, pregnancy & embryonic development
symptoms: fever, night sweats, rash, mouth sores, swollen lymph nodes
pathogen: virus
origin:
- chimpanzees –> colonialism (prostitution in african cities)
- colonial medicine (reuse of needles)
- teacher returning to haiti from africa
- americans visit haiti for “sex tourism” (MSM)
- spread through haiti in plasma centers
progression:
- infection 2-4 weeks (Swollen lymph nodes, Fever, fatigue, headache, Night sweats)
- latent phase 10+ years (no apparent symptoms, spreadable, medicine here can make it undetectable levels & unspreadable
- AIDS immune system gone, highly viral, with no treatment, 3 years to live
treatment:
- anti viral drugs
- PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) taken if at high risk for contracting disease
- PEP (post exposure prophylaxis) taken if person believes they’ve been exposed
- no vaccine
HIV
symptoms: lesion at site of infection (ulcers), rash on palms & soles, swollen lymph nodes
pathogen: bacteria
progression:
primary - ulcers
secondary - rash on palms & soles
latent - no symptoms, can last for 10+ years
tertiary/late - can spread to cardiovascular system, brain (neuropsyphilis)
treatment: penicilin
Syphilis
symptoms: itching, burning, soreness of genitals, painful urination, penile & vaginal discharge
pathogen: eukaryote (4 small & 1 long flagella)
progression: only shows symptoms in 305 of infected
treatment: Oral Metronidazole
Trichomonas vaginalis
symptoms: vaginal/penile discharge, burning during urination, abdominal or lower back pain
pathogen: bacteria
progression: symptoms begin 1-3 weeks after infection
treatment: antibiotics
Chlamydia & Gonorrhea
symptoms: cold sores in mouth/on genitals (HSV1, HSV2), chickenpox
pathogen: virus
progression: cold sores, shingles, latent infection
treatment: antiviral medication
herpes
symptoms: genital warts, transformation of epithelial cells, especially of the cervix (leading to cervical cancer)
pathogen: virus
treatment: vaccine to prevent, no cure
HPV (Human Papilloma Virus)
sores in hands, wasn’t sexually transmitted until a couple years ago
MPox
implantation
enzymes destroy swollen lining of the uterus, embryo embeds itself in uterus
placentation
Trophoblast cells multiply and develop into villi, maternal blood fills openings around embryo
chorion
extra embryonic membrane that takes away waste
allantois
extra embryonic membrane that is responsible for gas exchange
amnion
innermost extra embryonic membrane that encloses the embryo in amniotic fluid
yolk sak
provides nutrients but not very nutrient dense in humans (vestigial)
endoderm
germ layer for internal organs (ex. liver)
ectoderm
germ layer for skin
mesoderm
germ layer for muscle and bone
gastrulation
Establishes the basic body plan and creates the three primary germ layers
embryo vs fetus
Embryo: 0-9 weeks, Fetus: 10 weeks and on
organogenesis
organ formation during pregnancy
neurulation
forming of neural tube (precursor to brain & spinal cord)
penis
allows sperm to exit body
bladder
stored urine
corpus cavernosum
fills with blood to make an erection
corpus spongiosum
fills with blood to make an erection
glans penis
exit point of reproductive structure
prepuce
covers penis during erection
testis
produces sperm and secretes testosterone
epididymis
sperm maturation and transport
vas deferens
transports sperm from epididymis to urethra (3d)
ureathra
allows urine and sperm to exit the body
prostate
produces semen fluid
seminal vesicle
produces semen fluid
rectum
collects, holds, and releases stool
ovary
stores and produces eggs
uterine tube (fallopian)
transports egg, location of fertilization
uterus
receives fertilized egg, location of fetal development
clitoris
for sexual pleasure
labia majora
enclose and protect other external genital organs
labia minora
protects vaginal and urethral openings
vagina
barrier for bacteria, route for childbirth & menstrual period
cervix
allows menstrual blood to exit & sperm to enter the uterus
male vs female pelvis
female: wider and shorter (wider for childbirth), u shaped pubic arch
male: sacrum tilted more in, v shaped pubic arch
