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RadBio > Exam 1 Study Guide > Flashcards

Exam 1 Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

Mean lethal dose. An expression of radiosensitivity; graphically derived from the exponential portion of the cell survival curve

A

Do (D naught)

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2
Q

extrapolation number, one of three graphic parameters used to define the cell survival curve; determined by extrapolating the exponential portion of the cell survival curve to its intersection with the Y axis

A

N

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3
Q

T or F: The higher the LET, the lower the chance for biological interaction?

A

F

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4
Q

Dose from 250 KeV x-ray necessary to produce a given effect / Dose of test radiation to equal same biological effect (Fraction)

A

RBE

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5
Q

High LET radiation: (3)

A

neutrons
alpha particles
heavy ions

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6
Q

Factors that influence RBE: (3)

A

chosen biological effect
dose rate
fractionation

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7
Q

“Ratio of dose required to produce a given biologic response in the absence of oxygen/dose required to produce the same response in the presence of oxygen.” anoxic condition/aerobic condition (Fraction)

A

OER (Oxygen Enhancement Ratio)

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8
Q

SI and Conventional unit for Activity:

A

Bq

Ci

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9
Q

SI and Conventional unit for Absorbed Dose:

A

Gy

Rad

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10
Q

SI and Conventional unit for Dose Equivalent:

A

Sv

Rem

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11
Q

SI and Conventional unit for Exposure:

A

C/kg

Roentgen

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12
Q

unit of radiation absorbed dose

A

rad

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13
Q

unit of dose equivalent or occupational exposure

A

rem

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14
Q

unit of radioactivity (conventional unit) in which the number of disintegrations per second equals 3.74 x 10^10, used to measure the intensity of radioactivity in a sample of material

A

Ci

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15
Q

the SI measure of source strength or total radioactivity, and is defined as one disintegration per second, The becquerel is the SI derived unit of radioactivity. One becquerel is defined as the activity of a quantity of radioactive material in which one nucleus decays per second

A

Ci

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16
Q

most highly radiosensitive cells: (4)

A

lymphocytes, erythroblasts, intestinal crypt cells, spermatogonia

17
Q

cells with intermediate radiosensitivity: (4)

A

endothelial cells, osteoblasts, spermatids, fibroblasts

18
Q

cells with least radiosensitivity: (3)

A

muscle, nerve, chondrocytes

19
Q

spur-like structures from the macromolecule main chain stick and attach to a neighboring macromolecule viscosity is increased by radiation- produced molecular cross linking.

A

cross-linkage

20
Q

breakage of the backbone of the long-chain macromolecule. Not only the size of the macromolecule reduced, but its viscosity (thickness) is also reduced

A

main-chain scission

21
Q

Disruptions of a single chemical bond within a macromolecule that occurs with low radiation dose. Causes cell to function incorrectly. Responsible for the late radiation effects which are observed at the whole-body level.

A

Point lesions

22
Q

A chromosome “hit” produces a visible derangement of the chromosome; severe damage to DNA within the chromosome effect G1.

A

Single-hit chromosome aberrations

23
Q

The breakage of a chromatid is called. During the S-phase of the cell cycle the deletion and the remaining chromosome are replicated.

A

Chromatid deletion

24
Q

During G1 phase if two hits occur on one chromosome RING chromosomes are produced. When neighboring chromosomes each suffer one hit and then recombine to produce a dicentric chromosome.

A

Multi-hit chromosome aberration

25
Q

multi hit chromosomal aberrations they do not lose any genetic material, genes just become rearranged.

A

Reciprocal translocation

26
Q

What phase of mitosis:
The initial stage of mitosis and of the mitotic division of meiosis characterized by the condensation of chromosomes consisting of two chromatids, disappearance of the nucleolus and nuclear membrane, and formation of mitotic spindle. Chromosome duplication

A

Prophase

27
Q

What phase of mitosis:

Duplicated chromosomes align at the equatorial plane.

A

Metaphase

28
Q

What phase of mitosis?

Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles.

A

Anaphase

29
Q

The final stage of mitosis and of the second division of meiosis in which the spindle disappears and the nuclear envelope reforms around each set of chromosomes -

A

Telophase

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