Exam #1 study-- Flashcards
Psychology
the study of human behavior and the influences of emotion and thought (cognition) on behavior
Affect
emotion (affect and cognition are evident through your behavior)
Integration
two things merging; psychology and theology have an integrated relationship
Hindsight Bias (common sense)
the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, one would know it (20/20); impacts your thoughts and actions
Overconfidence
being more confident in your action than you really are; more confident in your common sense; more confident than correct
Scientific Attitude
curiosity + skepticism + humility = Scientific Attitude
Scientific Method
make observation, form theory, refine theory
Theory
way you come up with the questions
Hypothesis
how you think the question will answer (results)
Neurons
nerve cells; have bodies and branching nerves
Action Potential
a brief electrical charge; the impulse fired from a neuron
Synapse
the gap between two neurons
Neurotransmitters
chemical messenger; some hit and some miss they cross the gap; they are like keys in a lock
Central Nervous System
spinal cord and brain
Reflex
automatic response to stimuli
Genetic Influences on Behavior
Nature (parents birthing you, mental defect, premature birth, chromosome deficiency, physical defect, gender/sexuality)
Environmental Influences on Behavior
Nurture (temperature, culture [electronics], religion, politics, geography, siblings/family, peers, century [time], experience)
4 Major Stages of Development
Prenatal Development and Newborn: first zygote (2 weeks); embryo (2-8 weeks); fetus (9 weeks to birth); competence- not much; Infancy and Childhood: physical development happens (rolling, crawling, walking); brain development; Adolescence; Adulthood
Jean Piaget
see handout
Schemas
Concepts developed from experience
Erik Erikson
see handout
Perception
perception come from the interaction between a stimuli and experience
Learning
a relatively permanent change in your behavior do to life circumstances/experiences
Adaptability
our capasity to learn new behaviors to help us cope with changing circumstnaces
Associative Learning (3 types)
Classical Conditioning; Operant Conditioning; Observational Learning
Memory
the persistance of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Types of Memory
encoding (how we get information into our prain); storage (retaining the information); retrieval (getting at the information later)
Hurdles to Memory
hurtles needed to overcome to get the message to action (attention, understandable, persuasive, memorable, and compels to action)
Principles of Effective Communication
Vivid, concrete examples are more potent than abstract information; Messages that relate to what people already know or have experienced are more easily remembered; Spaced repetition aids memory; Active listening aids memory & facilitates attitude change; Attitudes & beliefs are shaped by action
Intergration of Psychology and Christianity
Filler Model (most commen, scripture is used to interpret truth); Perceptible; Relational (psychological science and Christianity are relater)
Psychological science _______ the gap between psychology and thwology
bridges
Muller-Lyer
> –< center line is the same length, they just appear to be different
Franz Gall
invented phrenology (the theory that the bumps on the skull revealed all of your traits [mentally]), at one point Britain had 20 phrenologists
