EXAM 1 study Flashcards
Anatomical studies have revealed that a part of the brain known as the
ventral palladium in meadow voles has relatively fewer cells that bear receptor
proteins for the hormone 1. _________ than the ventral palladia of
prairie voles. This finding offers a proximate explanation for the monogamous
behavior of male 2. _______ voles (prairie or meadow, which one?)
- Vasopressin
- Praire
The antiquated term for “mating with a female while her mate is away” is
Cuckoldry
List any three of Tinbergen’s “4 areas of inquiry”
causation, development, evolution, function
In the analysis of behavior, 1.______ causation focuses
on HOW and WHAT questions while 2.________ causation
focuses on WHY questions.
- Proximate
- Ultimate
Attributing a goal or purpose to an animal’s actions is a classic Pitfall of
behavioral study known as
Teleology
“Stereotypic pre-copulatory behavior” is called
behavior
Courtship
1._______ theory” is all about cost and 2._____
- Optimality
- Benefit
When we attribute aspects of our own (human) behavior to the animals that
we study, we are guilty of a pitfall known as
Anthropomorphism
A. Karl Von Frisch
B. Konrad Lorenz
C. Niko Tinbergen
D. John Alcock
______ Honeybees
______mobbing gulls and optimal theory
______ one that is an ethological
______ Carotenoids
___A___ Honeybees
___D___mobbing gulls and optimal theory
A, B, C one that is an ethological
______ Carotenoids
A. Mechanoreceptor
B. Chemoreceptor
C. Photoreceptor
D. Thermoreceptor
1.______ one that responds to discrete stimuli
2.______ one that responds to continuous stimuli
3. ______ cockroach cerci have ?
4. _____ mate choice involving color in house finches would involve ?
5. ______ olfactory
6. ______ on Manduca antennae
7. ______ used by midshipman fish to detect infringement on another male’s
territory
8. _____ Used by Male Microtus pennsylvanicus in spatial navigation
1.___B___ one that responds to discrete stimuli
2.A,C,D one that responds to continuous stimuli
3. __A___ cockroach cerci have ?
4. ___C__ mate choice involving color in house finches would involve ?
5. __B___ olfactory
6. __B___ on Manduca antennae
7. __A___ used by midshipman fish to detect infringement on another male’s
territory
8. __C___ Used by Male Microtus pennsylvanicus in spatial navigation
A. Arthropods/Annelids
B. Cnidarians (jelly fishes, etc.)
C. Echinoderms
D. Mollusks
E. Platyhelminthes (Planarians etc)
F. Vertebrates
1. ____ one with Giant interneurons
2. ____ one that lacks cephalization
3. ____ one that exhibits cephalization
4. ____ one with a nerve net
5. ____ one with thoracic ganglia
6. ____ have an “autonomic” system
7. ____ one with a Ventral Nerve Cord
- ___A,D_ one with Giant interneurons
- __B,C,D_ one that lacks cephalization
- A,D,E,F_ one that exhibits cephalization
- _B,E___ one with a nerve net
- __A,F__ one with thoracic ganglia
- __F___ have an “autonomic” system
- __A___ one with a Ventral Nerve Cord
Each of the statements below is an hypothesis about why individuals of a particular
kind of moth pull their forewings forward when poked. For each statement, fill in (a)
for proximate hypothesis and (b) for ultimate hypothesis.
- ______The behavior is learned.
- ______Wing flipping scares some predators away.
- ______The behavior is the product of a special set of muscle contractions.
4.______ The behavior is a modified version of wing movements that many
moths use to raise their body temperature in order to begin flying.
5.______The moth’s genes influence the way the adult animal’s nervous system
forms connections between its muscles and its win
- ___a___The behavior is learned.
- ___b___Wing flipping scares some predators away.
- ___a___The behavior is the product of a special set of muscle contractions.
4.___b___ The behavior is a modified version of wing movements that many
moths use to raise their body temperature in order to begin flying.
5.__a____The moth’s genes influence the way the adult animal’s nervous system
forms connections between its muscles and its win
Related to the reading assignments on Noctuid moths and the Comparative method.
The ability of one species of noctuid moth to hear ultrasound is considered an anti-
predator adaptation because it apparently enables these individuals to hear and
avoid nocturnal, ultrasound-using bats. Imagine that you wished to test this
hypothesis via the comparative method. Designate each of the following cases as
involving an example of (a) convergent evolution, (b) divergent evolution, or (c)
neither.
1. _____Almost all other species of noctuid moths also have ears that respond to
ultrasound.
2. _____Some diurnal noctuid moths have ears, but are largely or totally incapable of
hearing ultrasound.
3. _____Almost all butterflies, which are fairly close relatives of noctuid moths but are
usually active during the day, lack ears and so cannot hear ultrasound.
4. _____Six species of noctuid moths found only on the islands of Tahiti and Mooréa have
ears; they can hear ultrasound but do not react to these stimuli with anti-bat
behavioral responses.
5._____ Members of one small group of nocturnal butterflies have ears on their wings
and can hear ultrasound; they respond to ultrasonic stimulation by engaging in
unpredictable dives, loops, and spirals. Hint: Compare the behavior of these species
to that of other butterflies.
- __c___Almost all other species of noctuid moths also have ears that respond to
ultrasound. - __b___Some diurnal noctuid moths have ears, but are largely or totally incapable of
hearing ultrasound. - __b___Almost all butterflies, which are fairly close relatives of noctuid moths but are
usually active during the day, lack ears and so cannot hear ultrasound. - __b___Six species of noctuid moths found only on the islands of Tahiti and Mooréa have
ears; they can hear ultrasound but do not react to these stimuli with anti-bat
behavioral responses.
5.___b__ Members of one small group of nocturnal butterflies have ears on their wings
and can hear ultrasound; they respond to ultrasonic stimulation by engaging in
unpredictable dives, loops, and spirals. Hint: Compare the behavior of these species
to that of other butterflies.
What apparatus was used to produce these chromatographs?
gas chromatograph mass spectrometer (GCMC)
Which one is the “code breaker?”
a. Alcon Blue butterfly
b. M. rubra
c. M. ruginodis
d. M. scabrinodis
A. Alcon Blue butteryfly
