Exam 1 RT 120 Flashcards
What is dyspnea?
Shortness of breath perceived by patient
Define orthopnea.
Difficulty breathing supine (flat on back)
What does a pH level of < 7.35 indicate?
Acidosis
What is the CO2 range for alkalosis?
< 35-45
What HCO3 level indicates alkalosis?
> 28
What does black sputum color indicate?
Smoke or coal dust exposure
What does frothy white or pink sputum indicate?
Pulmonary edema
What is the oxygenation status for >100mmHg?
Overcorrected hypoxemia
What defines mild hypoxemia?
60-79mmHg
What is Type II respiratory failure associated with?
Hypercapnic/ventilatory failure
What is the PaCO2 level in Type II respiratory failure?
Greater than or equal to 50mmHg
What does increased alveolar ventilation (VA) do to PaCO2?
Decreases PaCO2
What is ABG acute on chronic respiratory failure?
Rapid deterioration in patients with chronic lung disease
What is a common treatment during an acute asthma attack?
Oxygen to relieve hypoxemia (goal >92%)
What is a characteristic of the early asthmatic response?
Hypocapnia (low CO2)
What indicates airway inflammation in asthma?
Main anatomic alteration
What does inspection involve in chest assessment?
Assessment of overall appearance and respiratory distress signs
What is percussion in chest inspection?
Tapping the body surface to evaluate underlying structure
What does Cheyne-Stokes breathing characterize?
Deep rapid breaths followed by periods of apnea
What indicates large pleural effusions upon percussion?
Hyperresonant dull sound associated with increased density
What does tracheal deviation indicate when shifting away from the affected area?
Pneumothorax or pleural effusion
What is the cause of unilateral lung expansion?
Pneumonia, pneumothorax, and rib fractures
What is pectus carinatum?
Outward sternal protrusion (pigeon breast)
What are the two diseases that make up COPD?
- Emphysema
- Chronic bronchitis
What are the increased PFT findings in COPD?
- RV (residual volume)
- TLC (total lung capacity)
- FRC (functional residual capacity)
How do you calculate pack years?
Years smoking X number of packs/day
What characterizes emphysema?
Abnormal enlargement of alveoli and destruction of alveolar walls
What are common symptoms of COPD?
- Barrel chest
- Accessory muscle use
- Cyanosis
- Dyspnea
What is a common treatment for Alpha 1 anti-trypsin deficiency?
Prolastin (Alpha1-proteinase inhibitor-human)
What are the treatment options for acute exacerbation of COPD?
- Inhaled bronchodilators
- IV steroids
- Antibiotics
- Oxygen therapy
What does the COPD assessment test (CAT) score assess?
Symptom severity
What is the purpose of pulmonary rehabilitation?
Exercise training and education to manage symptoms
What is lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS)?
Resection of hyperinflated lung areas to improve lung mechanics
What are the effects of smoking on COPD?
80-90% COPD related deaths
What is the significance of digital clubbing?
Indicates chronic hypoxemia
What is the treatment for chronic management of COPD?
- Inhaled bronchodilators
- Inhaled steroids
- Vaccination