Exam 1 RT 120

Question 1

What is dyspnea?

Answer 1

Shortness of breath perceived by patient

Question 2

Define orthopnea.

Answer 2

Difficulty breathing supine (flat on back)

Question 3

What does a pH level of < 7.35 indicate?

Answer 3

Acidosis

Question 4

What is the CO2 range for alkalosis?

Answer 4

< 35-45

Question 5

What HCO3 level indicates alkalosis?

Answer 5

> 28

Question 6

What does black sputum color indicate?

Answer 6

Smoke or coal dust exposure

Question 7

What does frothy white or pink sputum indicate?

Answer 7

Pulmonary edema

Question 8

What is the oxygenation status for >100mmHg?

Answer 8

Overcorrected hypoxemia

Question 9

What defines mild hypoxemia?

Answer 9

60-79mmHg

Question 10

What is Type II respiratory failure associated with?

Answer 10

Hypercapnic/ventilatory failure

Question 11

What is the PaCO2 level in Type II respiratory failure?

Answer 11

Greater than or equal to 50mmHg

Question 12

What does increased alveolar ventilation (VA) do to PaCO2?

Answer 12

Decreases PaCO2

Question 13

What is ABG acute on chronic respiratory failure?

Answer 13

Rapid deterioration in patients with chronic lung disease

Question 14

What is a common treatment during an acute asthma attack?

Answer 14

Oxygen to relieve hypoxemia (goal >92%)

Question 15

What is a characteristic of the early asthmatic response?

Answer 15

Hypocapnia (low CO2)

Question 16

What indicates airway inflammation in asthma?

Answer 16

Main anatomic alteration

Question 17

What does inspection involve in chest assessment?

Answer 17

Assessment of overall appearance and respiratory distress signs

Question 18

What is percussion in chest inspection?

Answer 18

Tapping the body surface to evaluate underlying structure

Question 19

What does Cheyne-Stokes breathing characterize?

Answer 19

Deep rapid breaths followed by periods of apnea

Question 20

What indicates large pleural effusions upon percussion?

Answer 20

Hyperresonant dull sound associated with increased density

Question 21

What does tracheal deviation indicate when shifting away from the affected area?

Answer 21

Pneumothorax or pleural effusion

Question 22

What is the cause of unilateral lung expansion?

Answer 22

Pneumonia, pneumothorax, and rib fractures

Question 23

What is pectus carinatum?

Answer 23

Outward sternal protrusion (pigeon breast)

Question 24

What are the two diseases that make up COPD?

Answer 24

• Emphysema
• Chronic bronchitis

Question 25

What are the increased PFT findings in COPD?

Answer 25

* RV (residual volume) * TLC (total lung capacity) * FRC (functional residual capacity)

Question 26

How do you calculate pack years?

Answer 26

Years smoking X number of packs/day

Question 27

What characterizes emphysema?

Answer 27

Abnormal enlargement of alveoli and destruction of alveolar walls

Question 28

What are common symptoms of COPD?

Answer 28

* Barrel chest * Accessory muscle use * Cyanosis * Dyspnea

Question 29

What is a common treatment for Alpha 1 anti-trypsin deficiency?

Answer 29

Prolastin (Alpha1-proteinase inhibitor-human)

Question 30

What are the treatment options for acute exacerbation of COPD?

Answer 30

* Inhaled bronchodilators * IV steroids * Antibiotics * Oxygen therapy

Question 31

What does the COPD assessment test (CAT) score assess?

Answer 31

Symptom severity

Question 32

What is the purpose of pulmonary rehabilitation?

Answer 32

Exercise training and education to manage symptoms

Question 33

What is lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS)?

Answer 33

Resection of hyperinflated lung areas to improve lung mechanics

Question 34

What are the effects of smoking on COPD?

Answer 34

80-90% COPD related deaths

Question 35

What is the significance of digital clubbing?

Answer 35

Indicates chronic hypoxemia

Question 36

What is the treatment for chronic management of COPD?

Answer 36

* Inhaled bronchodilators * Inhaled steroids * Vaccination