Exam 1 RT 120 Flashcards

1
Q

What is dyspnea?

A

Shortness of breath perceived by patient

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2
Q

Define orthopnea.

A

Difficulty breathing supine (flat on back)

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3
Q

What does a pH level of < 7.35 indicate?

A

Acidosis

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4
Q

What is the CO2 range for alkalosis?

A

< 35-45

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5
Q

What HCO3 level indicates alkalosis?

A

> 28

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6
Q

What does black sputum color indicate?

A

Smoke or coal dust exposure

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7
Q

What does frothy white or pink sputum indicate?

A

Pulmonary edema

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8
Q

What is the oxygenation status for >100mmHg?

A

Overcorrected hypoxemia

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9
Q

What defines mild hypoxemia?

A

60-79mmHg

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10
Q

What is Type II respiratory failure associated with?

A

Hypercapnic/ventilatory failure

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11
Q

What is the PaCO2 level in Type II respiratory failure?

A

Greater than or equal to 50mmHg

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12
Q

What does increased alveolar ventilation (VA) do to PaCO2?

A

Decreases PaCO2

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13
Q

What is ABG acute on chronic respiratory failure?

A

Rapid deterioration in patients with chronic lung disease

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14
Q

What is a common treatment during an acute asthma attack?

A

Oxygen to relieve hypoxemia (goal >92%)

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15
Q

What is a characteristic of the early asthmatic response?

A

Hypocapnia (low CO2)

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16
Q

What indicates airway inflammation in asthma?

A

Main anatomic alteration

17
Q

What does inspection involve in chest assessment?

A

Assessment of overall appearance and respiratory distress signs

18
Q

What is percussion in chest inspection?

A

Tapping the body surface to evaluate underlying structure

19
Q

What does Cheyne-Stokes breathing characterize?

A

Deep rapid breaths followed by periods of apnea

20
Q

What indicates large pleural effusions upon percussion?

A

Hyperresonant dull sound associated with increased density

21
Q

What does tracheal deviation indicate when shifting away from the affected area?

A

Pneumothorax or pleural effusion

22
Q

What is the cause of unilateral lung expansion?

A

Pneumonia, pneumothorax, and rib fractures

23
Q

What is pectus carinatum?

A

Outward sternal protrusion (pigeon breast)

24
Q

What are the two diseases that make up COPD?

A
  • Emphysema
  • Chronic bronchitis
25
Q

What are the increased PFT findings in COPD?

A
  • RV (residual volume)
  • TLC (total lung capacity)
  • FRC (functional residual capacity)
26
Q

How do you calculate pack years?

A

Years smoking X number of packs/day

27
Q

What characterizes emphysema?

A

Abnormal enlargement of alveoli and destruction of alveolar walls

28
Q

What are common symptoms of COPD?

A
  • Barrel chest
  • Accessory muscle use
  • Cyanosis
  • Dyspnea
29
Q

What is a common treatment for Alpha 1 anti-trypsin deficiency?

A

Prolastin (Alpha1-proteinase inhibitor-human)

30
Q

What are the treatment options for acute exacerbation of COPD?

A
  • Inhaled bronchodilators
  • IV steroids
  • Antibiotics
  • Oxygen therapy
31
Q

What does the COPD assessment test (CAT) score assess?

A

Symptom severity

32
Q

What is the purpose of pulmonary rehabilitation?

A

Exercise training and education to manage symptoms

33
Q

What is lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS)?

A

Resection of hyperinflated lung areas to improve lung mechanics

34
Q

What are the effects of smoking on COPD?

A

80-90% COPD related deaths

35
Q

What is the significance of digital clubbing?

A

Indicates chronic hypoxemia

36
Q

What is the treatment for chronic management of COPD?

A
  • Inhaled bronchodilators
  • Inhaled steroids
  • Vaccination