Exam 1 revision Flashcards
Periodic trends going across a period
Atomic size-Decrease- more protons increase core charge, pulling gets stronger.
Electronegativity-increases- greater core charge
Core charge-increases, more protons in nucleus
Periodic trends going down a group
Atomic size-increases- more shells
Electronegativity-decreases- more shells = more space between nucleus and outer shell.
Core charge-Constant
Metallic bonding
Cations arranged in closely packed structure with delocalized electrons being free to move in a ‘sea of delocalised electrons.
the force between cations and electrons is electrostatic attraction.
Properties of metals
Hard-Strong electrostatic forces between electrons and cations.
conduct electricity- free delocalised electrons carry the charge
malleable-strong multidirectional bonds held together by delocalised electrons.
high B.p & M.p- strong electrostatic bonds = more energy needed to break
ionic bonding
Positive metal cations and negative non-metal anions arranged in a regular lattice.
bonds form when the cations transfer its outer shell electrons to the anions.
Properties of ionic compounds
High B.p & M.p- Very strong bonds = large amount of energy needed to break.
Conductive in liquid or molten form- Ions are able to slide pass and transfer charge.
brittle-external forces cause layers to shift, results in repullsion.
Covalent bonds
Non metal + Non metal, they share electrons.
shapes of covalent molecules
linear
tetrahedral- 5 atoms
Bent- 3 atoms, 2 lone pairs
pyramidal-4 atoms, one lone pair
planar-4 atoms, no lone pairs
Name up to C10
eth
meth
prop
but
pent
hex
hept
oct
non
dec
types of reactions and their product- do they need catalyst? Before organic chemistry
metals+water–> Metal hydroxide + hydrogen gas
metal + oxygen –> metal oxide
metal + HCL–> metal chloride + hydrogen gas
precipitation =
AB + CD –> AD + CB
types of reactions and their product- do they need catalyst? After organic chemistry
combustion=
complete-Alkane(ene) +Oxygen –> CO2+H2O
incomplete-Alkane(ene) +Oxygen –> CO + H2O
Substitution:
Alkane +Halogen —> Haloalkane + hydrogen halide (UV light needed)
Addition:
Alkene + halogen
—>haloalkene
Alkene + water –> alkanol
When reacting with water a catalyst is needed
what is a monomer
a molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer
what is a polymer
millions of polymers bonded together.
Thermosetting VS thermoplastic
Thermoplastic- Not very hard, low melting point, can be reshaped, easy to recycle.
Thermosetting- Hard, high melting point/ chars, cant recycle, produces toxic gases and new molecules when heated, covalent bonds.
Additional polymerization + condensation polymerisation
Addition- monomers added together to form a polymer.
Condensation- Water is formed as a result of monomers bonding together.
% comp formula same as % by mass
specific/everything
Different reasons for high boiling point
strength of bonds
attraction charges
amount of bonds
types of bonds
Why are diamond and graphite giant molecules?
Diamond and graphite are large molecules as they are made of millions of C atoms which are covalently bonded to one another. Normally molecules are made of a few atoms meaning they are much smaller that diamond or graphite.
