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Pathophysiology > Exam #1 Review Chaps 5 And 6 > Flashcards

Exam #1 Review Chaps 5 And 6 Flashcards

0
Q

Systemic signs of infection

A 
Fever
Fatigue
Weakness
Headache
Nausea
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1
Q

Local signs of infection

A 
Pain
Swelling
Redness
Warmth
Exudate
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2
Q

Incubation period

A

Time between entry of the organism into the body and appearance of clinical signs of disease. Varies with different organisms

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3
Q

Prodromal period

A

Fatigue, loss of appetite, headache. Nonspecific. Coming down with something

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4
Q

Subclinical infection

A

Pathological change, but no obvious manifestation. Although it may persist for long period of time

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5
Q

Chronic infection

A

Less severe symptoms than acute but persist for a long period of time

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6
Q

Standard precautions

A

Handwashing and gloves

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7
Q

Specific precautions

A

Masks gloves contamination rooms

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8
Q

Factors that decrease a hosts resistance

A

Age, pregnancy, genetic susceptibility immunodeficiency, malnutrition, chronic disease

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9
Q

Nosocomial infection

A

Infections that occur in healthcare facilities, hospitals, nursing homes, doctors offices

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10
Q

Iatrogenic infections

A

A treatment or procedure or mistake causing disease or infection

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11
Q

What diagnostic tests would potentially be used to help identify infection

A
  1. Culture and sensitivity, CS
  2. Blood tests. Variations and number of leukocytes, leukocytosis bacterial infection. Leukopenia viral infection
  3. Diff count
  4. Creative protein
  5. Immunological testing of body fluids
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12
Q

Antibiotic

A

Drugs derived from organisms

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13
Q

Antimicrobial

A

Antibacterial antifungal antiviral

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14
Q

Bactericidal

A

Drug destroys organism

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15
Q

Bacteriostatic

A

Decrease rate of reproduction

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16
Q

What is the body’s first line of defense

A

Nonspecific, mechanical barrier. unbroken skin, mucus membranes, tears and gastric juices

17
Q

What is the bodies second line of defense

A

Nonspecific, phagocytosis and inflammation

18
Q

What is the bodies third line of defense

A

Specific, production of specific anti-bodies or cell mediated

19
Q

What is inflammation and what is its basic function

A

Bodies nonspecific response to tissue injury. Bacteria viruses fungi allergic reaction and chemicals

20
Q

What are the four signs of local inflammatory response

A
  1. Redness and warmth
  2. Swelling, edema
  3. Pain
  4. Loss of function
21
Q

What are the sequence of events involved in cellular response to inflammation

A
  1. Injury
  2. Cells release chemical mediators
  3. Vasodilation
  4. Increased capillary permeability, form exudate
  5. Leukocytes move to site of injury
  6. Phagocytosis, removal of debris in prep for healing
22
Q

Which sells elevate during an allergic response

A

Eosinophils

23
Q

Which cells are first to migrate to an injured area

A

Neutrophils and monocytes

24
Q

What are the systemic effects of inflammation

A 
Mild fever 
Release of pyrogens
Malaise
Fatigue 
headache 
anorexia
25
Q

What are the complications that may develop as a result of inflammation

A

Infection-Micro organisms can penetrate the edematous tissue; some microbes resist phagocytosis, inflammatory exudate provides excellent medium for microorganisms
Skeletal muscle spasm – maybe initiated by inflammation protective response to pain

26
Q

What is acute inflammation

A

Timing varies with specific cause chemical mediators affect blood vessels and nerves. Vasodilation hyperemia increase in capillary permeability chemotaxis to attract cells of immune system

27
Q

What is chronic inflammation

A

Follows acute episode, less swelling and exudate, presence of more lymphocytes and macrophages and fibroblasts. Continued tissue destruction, more fibrous scar tissue, granuloma they develop around foreign object

28
Q

What is RICE

A

Rest, ice, compression, elevation

29
Q

What does acetaminophen do

A

Treats fever and pain only

30
Q

What does NSAIDs do

A

Treats pain and fever and inflammation

31
Q

What does aspirin do

A

Treats pain fever and inflammation

32
Q

What does glucocorticoid to

A

Treat inflammation only

33
Q

What is resolution

A

Minimal tissue damage, clean-cut, suture holds edges together minimal scarring heals all around

34
Q

Regeneration

A

Damaged tissue replaced with cells that are functional, Hills from bottom up

35
Q

What are the factors that can delay tissue healing

A 
Advanced age
Poor nutrition, hydration
Anemia
Circulatory problems
Certain chronic diseases, diabetes
Infection
36
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Increase in size

37
Q

Hyperplasia

A

Increase size and amount

38
Q

Anaplasia

A

Undifferentiated with variable nuclear and cell structures

39
Q

Metaplasia

A

Cells start to change

40
Q

Neoplasia

A

Tumor, new growth

41
Q

Dyplasia

A

Vary in size and shape

Pathophysiology (4 decks)

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