Exam #1 Review Chaps 5 And 6

Question 0

Systemic signs of infection

Answer 0

Fever
Fatigue
Weakness
Headache
Nausea

Question 1

Local signs of infection

Answer 1

Pain
Swelling
Redness
Warmth
Exudate

Question 2

Incubation period

Answer 2

Time between entry of the organism into the body and appearance of clinical signs of disease. Varies with different organisms

Question 3

Prodromal period

Answer 3

Fatigue, loss of appetite, headache. Nonspecific. Coming down with something

Question 4

Subclinical infection

Answer 4

Pathological change, but no obvious manifestation. Although it may persist for long period of time

Question 5

Chronic infection

Answer 5

Less severe symptoms than acute but persist for a long period of time

Question 6

Standard precautions

Answer 6

Handwashing and gloves

Question 7

Specific precautions

Answer 7

Masks gloves contamination rooms

Question 8

Factors that decrease a hosts resistance

Answer 8

Age, pregnancy, genetic susceptibility immunodeficiency, malnutrition, chronic disease

Question 9

Nosocomial infection

Answer 9

Infections that occur in healthcare facilities, hospitals, nursing homes, doctors offices

Question 10

Iatrogenic infections

Answer 10

A treatment or procedure or mistake causing disease or infection

Question 11

What diagnostic tests would potentially be used to help identify infection

Answer 11

1. Culture and sensitivity, CS
2. Blood tests. Variations and number of leukocytes, leukocytosis bacterial infection. Leukopenia viral infection
3. Diff count
4. Creative protein
5. Immunological testing of body fluids

Question 12

Antibiotic

Answer 12

Drugs derived from organisms

Question 13

Antimicrobial

Answer 13

Antibacterial antifungal antiviral

Question 14

Bactericidal

Answer 14

Drug destroys organism

Question 15

Bacteriostatic

Answer 15

Decrease rate of reproduction

Question 16

What is the body’s first line of defense

Answer 16

Nonspecific, mechanical barrier. unbroken skin, mucus membranes, tears and gastric juices

Question 17

What is the bodies second line of defense

Answer 17

Nonspecific, phagocytosis and inflammation

Question 18

What is the bodies third line of defense

Answer 18

Specific, production of specific anti-bodies or cell mediated

Question 19

What is inflammation and what is its basic function

Answer 19

Bodies nonspecific response to tissue injury. Bacteria viruses fungi allergic reaction and chemicals

Question 20

What are the four signs of local inflammatory response

Answer 20

1. Redness and warmth
2. Swelling, edema
3. Pain
4. Loss of function

Question 21

What are the sequence of events involved in cellular response to inflammation

Answer 21

1. Injury
2. Cells release chemical mediators
3. Vasodilation
4. Increased capillary permeability, form exudate
5. Leukocytes move to site of injury
6. Phagocytosis, removal of debris in prep for healing

Question 22

Which sells elevate during an allergic response

Answer 22

Eosinophils

Question 23

Which cells are first to migrate to an injured area

Answer 23

Neutrophils and monocytes

Question 24

What are the systemic effects of inflammation

Answer 24

``` Mild fever Release of pyrogens Malaise Fatigue headache anorexia ```

Question 25

What are the complications that may develop as a result of inflammation

Answer 25

Infection-Micro organisms can penetrate the edematous tissue; some microbes resist phagocytosis, inflammatory exudate provides excellent medium for microorganisms Skeletal muscle spasm – maybe initiated by inflammation protective response to pain

Question 26

What is acute inflammation

Answer 26

Timing varies with specific cause chemical mediators affect blood vessels and nerves. Vasodilation hyperemia increase in capillary permeability chemotaxis to attract cells of immune system

Question 27

What is chronic inflammation

Answer 27

Follows acute episode, less swelling and exudate, presence of more lymphocytes and macrophages and fibroblasts. Continued tissue destruction, more fibrous scar tissue, granuloma they develop around foreign object

Question 28

What is RICE

Answer 28

Rest, ice, compression, elevation

Question 29

What does acetaminophen do

Answer 29

Treats fever and pain only

Question 30

What does NSAIDs do

Answer 30

Treats pain and fever and inflammation

Question 31

What does aspirin do

Answer 31

Treats pain fever and inflammation

Question 32

What does glucocorticoid to

Answer 32

Treat inflammation only

Question 33

What is resolution

Answer 33

Minimal tissue damage, clean-cut, suture holds edges together minimal scarring heals all around

Question 34

Regeneration

Answer 34

Damaged tissue replaced with cells that are functional, Hills from bottom up

Question 35

What are the factors that can delay tissue healing

Answer 35

``` Advanced age Poor nutrition, hydration Anemia Circulatory problems Certain chronic diseases, diabetes Infection ```

Question 36

Hypertrophy

Answer 36

Increase in size

Question 37

Hyperplasia

Answer 37

Increase size and amount

Question 38

Anaplasia

Answer 38

Undifferentiated with variable nuclear and cell structures

Question 39

Metaplasia

Answer 39

Cells start to change

Question 40

Neoplasia

Answer 40

Tumor, new growth

Question 41

Dyplasia

Answer 41

Vary in size and shape