Exam 1 Review

Question 1

William Paley

Answer 1

Designers plan revealed through nature; adaptations have a purpose; species fit to their environment

Question 2

Lamarck

Answer 2

use and disuse drives evolution, individuals can evolve, pass on acquired traits; drive for perfection

Question 3

Cuvier

Answer 3

extinction exists, evolution does not

Question 4

Hutton

Answer 4

gradualism

Question 5

Lyell

Answer 5

mechanism of change is constant

Question 6

Homology

Answer 6

structures with different uses have similar functions due to common ancestry. eg vertabrate limb in human, horse, bird, bad; similar developmental patterns in vertebrate embryos

Question 7

fossil record

Answer 7

extinctions; past different from present; least to more complex. link majr groups and document major transitions

Question 8

vestigial structure

Answer 8

whale teeth, psedogenes, cave organsisms eyes sockets

Question 9

biogeography

Answer 9

cave org. more closesly related to nearby non-cave org that cave org in other countries

Question 10

genetic similarity

Answer 10

bets hemoglobin

Question 11

direct observation

Answer 11

antibiotic resistence, artifical selections

Question 12

complete dominance

Answer 12

huntington’s, achondroplasia

Question 13

autosomal recessive

Answer 13

cystic fibrosis, tay-sachs

Question 14

incomplete dominance

Answer 14

flower colore

Question 15

codominance

Answer 15

blood types

Question 16

pleitropy

Answer 16

one gene affects many traits; marfan syndrom, sickle cell

Question 17

balanced polymorphism

Answer 17

heterozygote advantage, sickle cell

Question 18

epistasis

Answer 18

gene at one location alter phenotype of gene at another location (lab coat color)

Question 19

sex-linked recessive

Answer 19

hemophilia, red-green color blind

Question 20

missense

Answer 20

wrong aa coded for, sickle cell

Question 21

nonsense

Answer 21

stops translation early, cystic fibrosis

Question 22

framshift

Answer 22

insertion or deletion, tay sachs

Question 23

inversion

Answer 23

hemophilia

Question 24

deletion

Answer 24

cri du chat

Question 25

duplication

Answer 25

huntingtons

Question 26

translocation

Answer 26

xx males xy females

Question 27

nondisjunction

Answer 27

down syndrome, turner syndrom (Xo)

Question 28

tangles bank hypothesis

Answer 28

sex provides gentic variablility in offspring, variability comes from new gene combinations and promotes niche differences. ace in calm enviros, sex in variation

Question 29

red queen hypothesis

Answer 29

sex provides varied offspring, allows more rapid evolution, keep up in evolutionary race