Exam 1 review Flashcards
Which is the US leading state in Pig production?
Iowa
Over the last 35 years, milk production in the US has:
Increased but the number of dairy cows has decreased
Three levels of the poultry industry in US (Top to bottom)
Genetics/selection farms- Reproduction farms- Production farms
In present day commercial broiler production how long does it take for an animal to
reach market weight?
6 weeks
Broiler production houses are
Cleaned and disinfected between flocks
A layer hen is expected to lay on average, approximately:
One egg every 24 hours
The majority (85%) of the eggs produced in the US come from:
In-line egg farms
Egg candling is not used for:
The elimination of brown eggs
Which is the most frequent system of egg production in the US:
Battery cages
The gestation of a Goat or Sheep is
5 months
A commercial laying hen usually has a productive lifespan of:
Just under 2 years
The farrowing crate/pen is crucial:
To avoid sows crushing piglets
A chicken chic will hatch out of its egg in:
21 days
The Dairy cattle production cycle aims to have:
One calf per year and a 305 days lactation
What is the dairy breed with the highest fat content (4.9%) on average?
Jersey
The gestation of a camel is
13-14 months
Conformation of Beef cattle
Rectangular shape conformation
The main objective of a cow-calf beef cattle production operation is:
To produce calves to sell to feedlot operations
Which of the following is not conducted in male calf management:
Iron injection
Which of the following finishing systems is characterized by more roughages and less
grain?
Deferred finishing system
In the last 50 years the average turkey slaughtered in the USA has:
Increased live weight and increased breast proportion
What types/breeds of turkey can be selected for range production?
Broad breasted bronze and Beltsville small white
Artificial Insemination is the most common breeding method the commercial
production of:
Turkeys and Dairy cattle
What is the gestation of a yak
Similar to a cow-260-270 days
Which species has the meat with the lowest cholesterol content?
Turkey
The majority of Turkeys produced in the USA are raised
In confinement
Which of the following best describes an anadromous fish:
Fish that migrate up fresh water rivers from oceans to spawn
Farms on the Pacific coast of Chile are one of the largest global producers of Atlantic
salmon (T/F)
True
two species used in cold northern climates for draught and milk purposes:
Bos grunniens, camelus bactrianus
Sanga cattle have huge horns to:
Keep cool
Which color in cattle is most associated with heat tolerance?
Red
What is the difference between an oxen and a steer?
Castration and age (Oxen are neutered males between 3-5years old)
What does polled mean?
Genetically bred to not have horns
breed of the ‘largest cow’ in the world?
Chianina
West Highland cattle are famously wild and difficult to work with and Jersey bulls are famously dangerous to work with (T/F)
True
What is the gestation of Bos Taurus?
280 days
The average dairy cow in the US produces around 20,000# of milk a year, but the best
producing cow produced 90,000# in a year!! (T/F)
True
The Breed famous for producing the greatest quantity of milk is:
Holstein Friesland
Dairy cows are first bred at ______ of age and beef cows are first bred at _____
14 months and 2 years
When a dairy cow starts producing less than 50# of milk a day, it is no longer profitable to keep feeding her the expensive milking ration and therefore she will probably be:
Dried off
In orders for cows to keep producing milk they must:
Be bred every year
TMR in cattle production stands for:
Total mixed ration
The ideal lactation in a dairy cow lasts:
305 days
Why is artificial insemination used in the dairy industry?
A. Predictable good milk production B. Good conformation C. Good udder attachment D. Increased rate of conception E. Less expensive than keeping bulls
How is milk production measured?
Pounds
What is an advantage of poultry production vs production of other species?
A) High Feed Efficiency
B) Fast return of Investment
C)Income Spread throughout the year
D) High return compared to feed and energy costs
E) Low land requirements
F) Adaptability: small to very large operations
G) Integration with feed producing and processing
plants: know-how access
H) High levels of mechanization – low labour costs
Why are almost all Broiler Strains of chickens white feathered?
They have fewer unsightly dark marks in the skin
Ventilation is critical in poultry production for animal and human health as well as for maximizing animal production by decreasing animal stress and health
problems. (T/F)
True
The most expensive part of a broiler or egg laying poultry production farm is:
Feeding
In egg production the designation of Jumbo vs Large is decided by
Weight
Tails of Goat/Sheep
Tail up/Tail down
What species of bovine is most heat resistant?
Bos Indicus
Which ovary does a hen use?
Left
What does a big air space in an egg indicate?
Age of the egg
What is the MOST important factor manipulated to get a chicken to start laying and keep laying??
Light (Increased light)
In turkey production what is the most important factor to keep turkeys from laying too early?
Light (limiting it)
Which color egg is the most nutritious?
It dosent matter. They all have the same nutritional value.
Candling is used to:
a) Look for defects in the egg
b) Separate out improperly cleaned eggs
c) Check for fertility
What is the difference between Free Range and Cage Free eggs?
Free Range eggs are from chickens that have access to outside, Cage Free eggs are from uncaged chickens kept in large indoor runs
What is the name of the highly prized fermented beverage Mongolians make out of
mare’s milk?
Airag
The average American production table egg is NOT fertilized (T/F)
True
In the layer industry only hens are used, this is insured by what methods?
Sorting of the day old chicks by cloacal and feather differences
What is the gestation of a bison?
Similar to cow- 283 days
What is the gestation of an ostrich chic?
About 6 weeks or 42 days
The main difference between INTENSIVE pig production and EXTENSIVE pig
production programs
Sows and piglets have access to outdoor paddocks or pasture in Extensive Program
If sows can SEE the boars they come into heat more quickly (T/F)
True
Meleagris gallopavo is native to
North America
What makes a ratite a ratite?
They have a keel- LESS breastbone
polygamous south American ratite
Rhea
One aid often used in moving large ratites such as ostrich is to
Use a hood to cover their eyes and calm them
Name a common medical problem in ratites bred for production
Angular limb deformities
What products are sold from Ostrich production?
a) eggs
b) leather
c) feathers
d) eggs
e) chicks
f) meat
The gestation of a pig is:
115 days
The gestation of most south American camelids ( alpacas. Vicunas, llamas..) is about:
11 months
What is the number 2 species in milk production world wide?
Water buffalo
What does Dr Weronko own in Mongolia?
a Bos Grunniens
American Bison/buffalo
Bison bonasus
Water Buffalo
Bubalus bubalis
Sheep
Ovis aries
Goats
Capra hircus
Pig
Sus scrofa
Horse
Equus caballus
Donkey
Equus asinus
Alpaca
Llama pacos
Llama
Llama glama
Bactrian camel (IMP!!!)
Camelus bactrianus
Dromedary
Camelus dromedarius
Chicken
Gallus domesticus
Turkey
Meleagris gallopavo
Ostrich
Struthio camelus
Rabbit
Oryctolagus cuniculus
Guinea pig
Cavia porcellus
