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Human Nutrition 2210 > EXAM 1 REVIEW > Flashcards

EXAM 1 REVIEW Flashcards

1
Q

Essential nutrients:

A. By definition, are required for body function and cannot be made by the body
B. Have a definition that is applied literally and clearly to all situations
C. Includes some phytochemicals
D. Includes 3 carbohydrates
E. All of the above

A

By definition, are required for body function and cannot be made by the body

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2
Q

Which of the following is true?

A. Phytochemicals are generally found in animal foods such as dairy products
B. Micronutrients are those with low molecular weights
C. Macronutrients do not contain Calories
D. Micronutrients are found in the diet and body in lower amounts than macronutrients
E. None of the above

A

Micronutrients are found in the diet and body in lower amounts than macronutrients.

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3
Q

RDA’s are:

A. Always the same for men and women
B. High enough to cover high needs of people with diseases
C. Supposed to be the average need for a nutrient
D. Supposed to cover the needs of practically all healthy USA people in a given category
E. Not used for pregnant women

A

Supposed to cover the needs of practically all healthy USA people in a given category

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4
Q

Which has complete protein?

A. Soybeans   
B. Eggs   
C. Oatmeal   
D. Gelatin  
E. Answers A+B are correct
A

Soybeans, Eggs

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5
Q

Complementation is:

A

Combining incomplete proteins to get all the essential amino acids

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6
Q

In typical USA diets, protein is generally _________ the RDA.

A. More than
B. Less than
C. The same as
D. There is no consistent pattern

A

More than

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7
Q

Among people in the USA, these people are the most likely to be protein deficient:

A. People with anorexia nervosa 
B. Strict vegetarians 
C. Diabetic people 
D. Lactating women
E. No group stands out
A

People with anorexia nervosa

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8
Q

TRUE or FALSE?

Researchers know exactly how much protein is needed for optimal exercise training progress.

A

FALSE

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9
Q

Protein digestion…

A. Keeps most long sections of proteins unchanged
B. Uses hydrochloric acid to convert complex protein structures into simpler chains
C. Uses hydrochloric acid to break the bonds between amino acids without the need for enzymes
D. Takes place entirely in the stomach
E. None of the above

A

Uses hydrochloric acid to convert complex protein structures into simpler chains

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10
Q

Which is true of carbohydrates?

A. They are found in some plant foods but not others
B. They are found in oils
C. They are found in high amounts in most meat products
D. They are not found in any dairy products
E. They are found in all plant foods, but some such foods have more than others

A

They are found in all plant foods, but some such foods have more than others

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11
Q

Which best fits the definition of a carbohydrate?

A. A molecule that has most carbons linked to 2 hydrogens
B. A carbon containing molecule with multiple hydrogen acid sections
C. A molecule that has most carbons linked to 2 hydrogens and an oxygen
D. A molecule that has at least 2 nitrogens linked to 2 hydrogens and an oxygen
E. A molecule that dissolves in water and has at least 3 carbons

A

A molecule that has most carbons linked to 2 hydrogens and an oxygen

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12
Q

In endurance athletes, time to exhaustion is longest with moderately high intake of:

A. Fiber  
B. Protein  
C. Carbohydrates  
D. Protein + unsaturated fat  
E. No one macronutrient
A

Carbohydrates

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13
Q

Main storage form of carbohydrate in the body

A

Glycogen

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14
Q

Is a disaccharide and is what is commonly eaten from a sugar bowl….

A

Sucrose

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15
Q

Is polysaccharide that cannot be digested by human digestive enzymes….

A

Fiber

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16
Q

High fructose corn syrup:

A. Is 90% fructose
B. Is not much different from sucrose in % fructose and glucose
C. Definitely has worse health effects than sucrose
D. Has better health effects than sucrose
E. Is not actually used in many foods

A

Is not much different from sucrose in the percentage of fructose and glucose

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17
Q

Which is true of diabetes?

A. People with type 1 diabetes must take insulin
B. Type 2 diabetes is largely genetic, but obesity brings out the symptoms
C. People with types 2 diabetes are sometimes treated with drugs that help the body use insulin
D. High blood sugar can cause sugar to bind to molecules to which it shouldn’t bind
E. All of the above

A

All of the above are true

People with Type 1 diabetes must take insulin.
Type 2 diabetes is largely genetic, but obesity brings out the symptoms.
People with Type 2 diabetes are sometimes treated with drugs that help the body use insulin.
High blood sugar can cause sugar to bind to molecules to which it shouldn’t bind

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18
Q

An example of a low nutrient density, low satiety food is:

A. Skim milk  
B. A sugar containing soft drink 
C. An apple  
D. Lean meat 
E. All are correct
A

A sugar containing soft drink

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19
Q

The glycemic index…..

A. Is a measure of how much blood sugar goes up after eating a single food
B. Is a measure of how much blood sugar goes up after eating a mixed food meal
C. Is calculated per one typical serving size
D. Is low for Coke
E. None of the above

A

Is a measure of how much blood sugar goes up after eating a single food

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20
Q

People with metabolic syndrome:

A. Do not get any benefit from exercise except for help with weight control
B. Can have somewhat high blood sugar even if they don’t have diabetes
C. Are always male
D. Are not usually overweight
E. Usually have low or normal cholesterol readings

A

Can have somewhat high blood sugar even if they don’t have diabetes

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21
Q

Dietary fiber can:

A. Harden stools
B. Draw water into the colon (large intestine)
C. Slow down transit of digestive waste through the colon
D. Speed up digestion and absorption of sugar
E. Cause bile to be mostly not excreted and be reused effectively

A

Draw water into the colon (large intestine)

22
Q

State YES or NO for whether fiber was said in class to possibly help prevent this:

Symptoms of diabetes

A

Yes

23
Q

Mark YES or NO for whether fiber was said in class to possibly help prevent this:

Colon cancer

A

Yes

24
Q

Mark YES or NO for whether fiber was said in class to possibly help prevent this:

Hepatitis (liver disease)

A

NO

25
Q

Which of the following is not a function of fats?

A. Making certain hormones
B. Producing satiety (feeling of being full after eating)
C. Helping the body absorb fat soluble vitamins into the bloodstream from the digestive system
D. Energy storage in the body
E. Stabilizing calcium crystals in bone

A

Stabilizing calcium crystals in bone

26
Q

This lipid and others with similar structures are steroids

A

Cholesterol

27
Q

Tend to be found more in animal fats than in plant fats, but there are exceptions

A

Saturated fats

28
Q

Are liquid at room temperature

A

Unsaturated fats

29
Q

Have double bonds that are backwards from normal

A

Trans fatty acids

30
Q

The following can be high in trans fatty acids:

A. Bacon fat	
B. Butter     
C. Baked goods & popcorn     
D. Ice cream 	  
E. Corn oil
A

Baked goods & popcorn

31
Q

The amount of trans fatty acids in the US diet is:

A. Increasing
B. Decreasing
C. Staying the same
D. Not following a predictable pattern

A

Decreasing

32
Q

Omega-3-fatty acids in fish oil:

A. According to current research, have the same health benefits as flax seed oil
B. Have no effect on blood clotting
C. Can have anti-inflammation actions
D. Are not thought to play a role in the Mediterranean Paradox
E. None of the above

A

Can have anti-inflammation actions

33
Q

Does the following tend to raise, lower, or have low to no effect on serum cholesterol?

Moderate increases in dietary cholesterol in most people.

A

has low to no effect on serum cholesterol

34
Q

Does the following tend to raise, lower, or have low to no effect on serum cholesterol?

Increasing age

A

tends to raise serum cholesterol

35
Q

Does the following tend to raise, lower, or have low to no effect on serum cholesterol?

Losing weight if one is obese

A

tends to lower serum cholesterol

36
Q

TRUE or FALSE?

Exercise can raise HDL readings.

A

TRUE

37
Q

TRUE or FALSE?

Genetics has no role in cardiovascular disease risk.

A

FALSE

38
Q

TRUE or FALSE?

Some studies indicate that a low fat diet reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease, but not all studies show this.

A

TRUE

39
Q

TRUE or FALSE?

People generally want to raise LDL readings and lower HDL readings.

A

FALSE

40
Q

Deficiency is rare in the US, but is 1 of the 3 most common micronutrient deficiencies worldwide

A

Vitamin A

41
Q

There are not many natural food sources; fortified foods contribute to intake in the USA

A

Vitamin D

42
Q

In elderly US people, marginal deficiency has been shown to impair immune function.

A

Vitamin E

43
Q

Works in the liver but consequences of a deficiency are seen in the blood

A

Vitamin K

44
Q

Which is true of vitamin A?

A. Vitamin A does not actually have a role in eye sight
B. Even though only 1/6 of beta carotene is converted to vitamin A, some foods have so much beta carotene that they give the body a lot of vitamin A
C. Toxicity is low compared to other vitamins
D. Any beta carotene not converted to vitamin A has no value to the body
E. It has no role in immune function

A

Even though only 1/6 of beta carotene is converted to vitamin A, some foods have so much beta carotene that they give the body a lot of vitamin A

45
Q

Which of the following is true of vitamin D?

A. Marginal deficiencies definitely play no role in colon cancer risk
B. The elderly are not prone to deficiency because they convert vitamin D to its hormone form
very well
C.Vitamin D deficiency is one contributor to osteomalacia, which is the same thing as
osteoporosis
D. To get a day’s supply of vitamin D, one must get sun exposure of at least 1 hour on a high %
of the body
E. None of the above

A

To get a day’s supply of vitamin D, one must get sun exposure of at least 1 hour on a high percentage of the body

46
Q

Vitamin K deficiency:

A. Can occur in newborns because they excrete a lot of vitamin K
B. Can occur in newborns because they lack intestinal bacteria that make vitamin K
C. In mild form definitely has no effects on bone
D. Symptoms mainly relate to digestive system problems
E. None of the above

A

Can occur in newborns because they lack intestinal bacteria that make vitamin K

47
Q

Which best describes a function of vitamin E?

A. It protects cell membranes by holding certain fatty acids in the right positions
B. It gets rid of hydrogen peroxide, which forms free radicals
C. It stops free radical initiated chain reactions in places such as watery parts of the cell
D. It stops free radical initiated chain reactions in cell membranes and LDL
E. None of the above

A

It stops free radical initiated chain reactions in cell membranes and LDL

48
Q

What do the 3 main causes of severe vitamin E deficiency have in common?

A. Extreme malnutrition
B. Poor fat absorption
C. Children under 5 years old
D. High water losses
E. Nothing
A

Poor fat absorption

49
Q

The best foods sources of vitamin E are:

A. Eggs
B. Citrus fruits
C. Vegetable oils and foods high in those oils
D. Chicken and beef
E. A lot of different types of foods
A

Vegetable oils and foods high in those oils

50
Q

Which is true about vitamin E supplements and reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD)?

A. There have been biochemical effects seen for vitamin E supplements.
B. There are some older studies that have seen evidence of vitamin E lowering CVD risk
C. Some studies have not shown an effect on CVD deaths, but some of these studies started the supplements after the people were already in bad health
D. Some studies have not shown an effect on CVD deaths, but some experts have said that vitamin E would work best as part of a broader health intervention
E. All of the above

A

All of the above

Human Nutrition 2210 (1 decks)

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