EXAM 1 REVIEW Flashcards
Essential nutrients:
A. By definition, are required for body function and cannot be made by the body
B. Have a definition that is applied literally and clearly to all situations
C. Includes some phytochemicals
D. Includes 3 carbohydrates
E. All of the above
By definition, are required for body function and cannot be made by the body
Which of the following is true?
A. Phytochemicals are generally found in animal foods such as dairy products
B. Micronutrients are those with low molecular weights
C. Macronutrients do not contain Calories
D. Micronutrients are found in the diet and body in lower amounts than macronutrients
E. None of the above
Micronutrients are found in the diet and body in lower amounts than macronutrients.
RDA’s are:
A. Always the same for men and women
B. High enough to cover high needs of people with diseases
C. Supposed to be the average need for a nutrient
D. Supposed to cover the needs of practically all healthy USA people in a given category
E. Not used for pregnant women
Supposed to cover the needs of practically all healthy USA people in a given category
Which has complete protein?
A. Soybeans B. Eggs C. Oatmeal D. Gelatin E. Answers A+B are correct
Soybeans, Eggs
Complementation is:
Combining incomplete proteins to get all the essential amino acids
In typical USA diets, protein is generally _________ the RDA.
A. More than
B. Less than
C. The same as
D. There is no consistent pattern
More than
Among people in the USA, these people are the most likely to be protein deficient:
A. People with anorexia nervosa B. Strict vegetarians C. Diabetic people D. Lactating women E. No group stands out
People with anorexia nervosa
TRUE or FALSE?
Researchers know exactly how much protein is needed for optimal exercise training progress.
FALSE
Protein digestion…
A. Keeps most long sections of proteins unchanged
B. Uses hydrochloric acid to convert complex protein structures into simpler chains
C. Uses hydrochloric acid to break the bonds between amino acids without the need for enzymes
D. Takes place entirely in the stomach
E. None of the above
Uses hydrochloric acid to convert complex protein structures into simpler chains
Which is true of carbohydrates?
A. They are found in some plant foods but not others
B. They are found in oils
C. They are found in high amounts in most meat products
D. They are not found in any dairy products
E. They are found in all plant foods, but some such foods have more than others
They are found in all plant foods, but some such foods have more than others
Which best fits the definition of a carbohydrate?
A. A molecule that has most carbons linked to 2 hydrogens
B. A carbon containing molecule with multiple hydrogen acid sections
C. A molecule that has most carbons linked to 2 hydrogens and an oxygen
D. A molecule that has at least 2 nitrogens linked to 2 hydrogens and an oxygen
E. A molecule that dissolves in water and has at least 3 carbons
A molecule that has most carbons linked to 2 hydrogens and an oxygen
In endurance athletes, time to exhaustion is longest with moderately high intake of:
A. Fiber B. Protein C. Carbohydrates D. Protein + unsaturated fat E. No one macronutrient
Carbohydrates
Main storage form of carbohydrate in the body
Glycogen
Is a disaccharide and is what is commonly eaten from a sugar bowl….
Sucrose
Is polysaccharide that cannot be digested by human digestive enzymes….
Fiber
High fructose corn syrup:
A. Is 90% fructose
B. Is not much different from sucrose in % fructose and glucose
C. Definitely has worse health effects than sucrose
D. Has better health effects than sucrose
E. Is not actually used in many foods
Is not much different from sucrose in the percentage of fructose and glucose
Which is true of diabetes?
A. People with type 1 diabetes must take insulin
B. Type 2 diabetes is largely genetic, but obesity brings out the symptoms
C. People with types 2 diabetes are sometimes treated with drugs that help the body use insulin
D. High blood sugar can cause sugar to bind to molecules to which it shouldn’t bind
E. All of the above
All of the above are true
People with Type 1 diabetes must take insulin.
Type 2 diabetes is largely genetic, but obesity brings out the symptoms.
People with Type 2 diabetes are sometimes treated with drugs that help the body use insulin.
High blood sugar can cause sugar to bind to molecules to which it shouldn’t bind
An example of a low nutrient density, low satiety food is:
A. Skim milk B. A sugar containing soft drink C. An apple D. Lean meat E. All are correct
A sugar containing soft drink
The glycemic index…..
A. Is a measure of how much blood sugar goes up after eating a single food
B. Is a measure of how much blood sugar goes up after eating a mixed food meal
C. Is calculated per one typical serving size
D. Is low for Coke
E. None of the above
Is a measure of how much blood sugar goes up after eating a single food
People with metabolic syndrome:
A. Do not get any benefit from exercise except for help with weight control
B. Can have somewhat high blood sugar even if they don’t have diabetes
C. Are always male
D. Are not usually overweight
E. Usually have low or normal cholesterol readings
Can have somewhat high blood sugar even if they don’t have diabetes
Dietary fiber can:
A. Harden stools
B. Draw water into the colon (large intestine)
C. Slow down transit of digestive waste through the colon
D. Speed up digestion and absorption of sugar
E. Cause bile to be mostly not excreted and be reused effectively
Draw water into the colon (large intestine)
State YES or NO for whether fiber was said in class to possibly help prevent this:
Symptoms of diabetes
Yes
Mark YES or NO for whether fiber was said in class to possibly help prevent this:
Colon cancer
Yes
Mark YES or NO for whether fiber was said in class to possibly help prevent this:
Hepatitis (liver disease)
NO
