Exam 1 Review

Question 1

Deals with diseases of the stomach and intestines

Answer 1

Gastroenterology

Question 2

Deals with problems of the skeletal and muscular systems

Answer 2

Orthopedics

Question 3

Study of the body’s resistance to disease

Answer 3

Immunology

Question 4

Study of the diseases associated with the kidneys

Answer 4

Nephrology

Question 5

Deals with heart problems and heart diseases

Answer 5

Cardiology

Question 6

Branch of medicine dealing with children and their diseases

Answer 6

Pediatrics

Question 7

Study of the skin and its diseases

Answer 7

Dermatology

Question 8

Study of newborns and the treatment of their disorders

Answer 8

Neonatology

Question 9

Deals with male reproductive system problems

Answer 9

Urology

Question 10

Study of the female reproductive system and its diseases

Answer 10

Gynecology

Question 11

Using x-rays in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders

Answer 11

Radiology

Question 12

Study and treatment of various types of cancer

Answer 12

Oncology

Question 13

Deals with diseases and disorders of the eye

Answer 13

Ophthalmology

Question 14

Study of poisonous substances and their effects on physiology

Answer 14

Toxicology

Question 15

Studies the frequency and distribution of health related issues

Answer 15

Epidemiology

Question 16

Study of the care and treatment of the feet

Answer 16

Podiatry

Question 17

Deals with older individuals and their medical problems

Answer 17

Geriatrics

Question 18

Medial specialty deal thing with the ear, nose, and throat

Answer 18

Otolaryngology

Question 19

Study of the changes within the body associated with disease

Answer 19

Pathology

Question 20

Branch of medicine deal thing with the mind and its disorders

Answer 20

Psychology

Question 21

Study of the blood and blood diseases

Answer 21

Hematology

Question 22

Branch of medicine dealing with pregnancy and childbirth

Answer 22

Obstetrics

Question 23

What four elements make up about 96% of the weight of the human body and what are their percentages?

Answer 23

Oxygen- 65% Hydrogen-10% Carbon 19% Nitrogen-3%

Question 24

Explain the difference between the atomic number and atomic mass number of an atom.

Answer 24

Atomic number is the number of protons in the atom’s nucleus. Mass number is the sum of the protons and neutrons.

Question 25

What is an isotope? What are radioisotopes and what are two uses of radioisotopes in medicine?

Answer 25

A variation of an element that has the same number of protons and electrons but a different amount of neutrons.
Isotopes that undergo radioactivity; unstable isotopes that decay.
Diagnose and treat cancer

Question 26

How are ionic chemical bonds different from covalent chemical bonds?

Answer 26

An ionic bond gains or loses electrons.

A covalent bond shares electrons.

Question 27

How are polar covalent bonds different form non polar covalent bonds?

Answer 27

Polar covalent bonds share electrons uniquely’ positive charge one end, other end negative
Non polar covalent bonds share electrons equally and have balanced charge.

Question 28

What is an ion? How are cations different from anions? What is an electrolyte?

Answer 28

An ion is a charged particle.
Cations have a positive charge.
Anions have a negative charge.
Release ions in water and are electrically conductive in nature (treons)

Question 29

Explain the difference between an anabolic and a catabolic chemical reaction and synthesis reaction.

Answer 29

Anabolic reactions form bonds.
Catabolic reactions break bonds
Synthesis reaction is when smaller bonds form to make larger bonds

Question 30

Redox reactions involve both oxidation and reduction. Explain these two processes.

Answer 30

Electrons are exchanged; oxidized reactant is donor; reduced reactant is acceptor

Question 31

Explain the difference between exergonic reactions and endergonic reactions.

Answer 31

Exergonic release energy and have less energy

Endergonic absorb energy and have more energy

Question 32

List four factors that influence the rate of chemical reactions.

Answer 32

Temperature, concentration, particle size, and catalysts

Question 33

External cell barrier; transmits substances in and out of cell

Answer 33

Cell membrane

Question 34

Contains all organelles; stores nutrients

Answer 34

Cytoplasm

Question 35

Control center of cell; transmit genetic information; provides instructions for protein synthesis

Answer 35

Nucleus

Question 36

Site of ribosome subunit manufacture

Answer 36

Nucleolus

Question 37

The sites of protein synthesis

Answer 37

Ribosomes

Question 38

Transport proteins to golgi apparatus and other places that have ribosomes

Answer 38

Rough ER

Question 39

Site of lipid and steroid synthesis and lipid metabolism

Answer 39

Smooth ER

Question 40

Packages, modifies, and segregates proteins for secretion, inclusion in lysosome and incorporate in plasma membrane

Answer 40

Golgi

Question 41

Sites of intracellular digestion; break down old cell parts

Answer 41

Lysosomes

Question 42

Enzymes detoxify toxic substances and get rid of free radicals

Answer 42

Perioxisomes

Question 43

Site of ATP synthesis, cell respiration; glucose broken down

Answer 43

Mitochondria

Question 44

Provides cell shape

Answer 44

Cytoskeleton

Question 45

Propels the cell; locomotion

Answer 45

Flagella

Question 46

Propels cell across cell surfaces

Answer 46

Cilia

Question 47

Increase surface area for absorption

Answer 47

Microvilli

Question 48

Organize cell division

Answer 48

Centrioles

Question 49

move substance in and out of nucleus

Answer 49

Nuclear Envelope

Question 50

Allow things in and out of nucleus

Answer 50

Nuclear pore