Exam 1 Review Flashcards
Deals with diseases of the stomach and intestines
Gastroenterology
Deals with problems of the skeletal and muscular systems
Orthopedics
Study of the body’s resistance to disease
Immunology
Study of the diseases associated with the kidneys
Nephrology
Deals with heart problems and heart diseases
Cardiology
Branch of medicine dealing with children and their diseases
Pediatrics
Study of the skin and its diseases
Dermatology
Study of newborns and the treatment of their disorders
Neonatology
Deals with male reproductive system problems
Urology
Study of the female reproductive system and its diseases
Gynecology
Using x-rays in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders
Radiology
Study and treatment of various types of cancer
Oncology
Deals with diseases and disorders of the eye
Ophthalmology
Study of poisonous substances and their effects on physiology
Toxicology
Studies the frequency and distribution of health related issues
Epidemiology
Study of the care and treatment of the feet
Podiatry
Deals with older individuals and their medical problems
Geriatrics
Medial specialty deal thing with the ear, nose, and throat
Otolaryngology
Study of the changes within the body associated with disease
Pathology
Branch of medicine deal thing with the mind and its disorders
Psychology
Study of the blood and blood diseases
Hematology
Branch of medicine dealing with pregnancy and childbirth
Obstetrics
What four elements make up about 96% of the weight of the human body and what are their percentages?
Oxygen- 65% Hydrogen-10% Carbon 19% Nitrogen-3%
Explain the difference between the atomic number and atomic mass number of an atom.
Atomic number is the number of protons in the atom’s nucleus. Mass number is the sum of the protons and neutrons.
What is an isotope? What are radioisotopes and what are two uses of radioisotopes in medicine?
A variation of an element that has the same number of protons and electrons but a different amount of neutrons.
Isotopes that undergo radioactivity; unstable isotopes that decay.
Diagnose and treat cancer
How are ionic chemical bonds different from covalent chemical bonds?
An ionic bond gains or loses electrons.
A covalent bond shares electrons.
How are polar covalent bonds different form non polar covalent bonds?
Polar covalent bonds share electrons uniquely’ positive charge one end, other end negative
Non polar covalent bonds share electrons equally and have balanced charge.
What is an ion? How are cations different from anions? What is an electrolyte?
An ion is a charged particle.
Cations have a positive charge.
Anions have a negative charge.
Release ions in water and are electrically conductive in nature (treons)
Explain the difference between an anabolic and a catabolic chemical reaction and synthesis reaction.
Anabolic reactions form bonds.
Catabolic reactions break bonds
Synthesis reaction is when smaller bonds form to make larger bonds
Redox reactions involve both oxidation and reduction. Explain these two processes.
Electrons are exchanged; oxidized reactant is donor; reduced reactant is acceptor
Explain the difference between exergonic reactions and endergonic reactions.
Exergonic release energy and have less energy
Endergonic absorb energy and have more energy
List four factors that influence the rate of chemical reactions.
Temperature, concentration, particle size, and catalysts
External cell barrier; transmits substances in and out of cell
Cell membrane
Contains all organelles; stores nutrients
Cytoplasm
Control center of cell; transmit genetic information; provides instructions for protein synthesis
Nucleus
Site of ribosome subunit manufacture
Nucleolus
The sites of protein synthesis
Ribosomes
Transport proteins to golgi apparatus and other places that have ribosomes
Rough ER
Site of lipid and steroid synthesis and lipid metabolism
Smooth ER
Packages, modifies, and segregates proteins for secretion, inclusion in lysosome and incorporate in plasma membrane
Golgi
Sites of intracellular digestion; break down old cell parts
Lysosomes
Enzymes detoxify toxic substances and get rid of free radicals
Perioxisomes
Site of ATP synthesis, cell respiration; glucose broken down
Mitochondria
Provides cell shape
Cytoskeleton
Propels the cell; locomotion
Flagella
Propels cell across cell surfaces
Cilia
Increase surface area for absorption
Microvilli
Organize cell division
Centrioles
move substance in and out of nucleus
Nuclear Envelope
Allow things in and out of nucleus
Nuclear pore
