Exam 1 Review Flashcards
What are the developmental conditions that are often present?
- Present at young age or congenitally
- Bilaterally symmetrical
- Asymptomatic
What are the general considerations for developmental conditions?
- Sporadic vs Genetic (ask about family, if not then it’s sporadic)
- Isolated vs Generalized
What’s the tern to descrive a generalized condition characterized by multiple abnormalities?
Syndrome
What term describes without jaw development (aplasia)?
Agnathia
What’s the term for a small underdeveloped jaw (hypoplasia) and the term for large jaw?
- Small jaw - Micrognathia
- Large jaw - Macrognathia
Describe the primary and secondary or aquired characteristics of marco/micrognathia?
- Primary - developmental
- Secondary or acquired - from another disease or condition, (tumors, acromegaly, Paget’s disease)
What is one of the most common (2nd to be exact) developmental anomalies occuring in 1st trimester (4-12 weeks)?
Cleft lip and/or palate
What is the etiology for cleft lip/palate?
Unknown, genes and environmental factors
Describe the palatal development.
- Lateral palatal shelves fuse anteriorly at junction with premaxilla and fuse posteriorly
Describe the upper lip development.
- Bilayered epithelium, mesoderm penetrates developing into connective tissue and muscle and adding bulk to lip.
- Mesoderm comes from globular portion of median nasal processes and maxillary processes bilaterally.
In cleft lip, what is the cleft from?
A lack of mesodermal penetration
Describe cleft lip.
- Upper lip
- Off midline
- 20% bilateral
Describe cleft palate.
- Anterior to premaxilla
- Right of Left over alveolar ridge
What are the characteristics of bifid uvula?
- Not related to cleft palate
- Occassionally associated with submucosal cleft of muscle
Put these in order of most common to least common:
Cleft lip
Cleft palate
Cleft lip with cleft palate
- Cleft lip with cleft palate
- Cleft lip
- Cleft palate (50% other anomalies)
> 150 syndromes with clefting as a component
What are lip pits?
- Congenital malformation often inherited and may be with other anomalies (like clefts)
What is the term for an infection of minor salivary glands in lower lip?
Cheilitis glandularis
What are some characteristics of cheilitis glandularis?
- Not developmental
- Often outdoor workers which thins and drys lips promoting retrograde infection
- If you squeeze the lip, pus comes out the little spots
- Varies in severity - from slight swelling with dilated, inflammed ducts to significant swelling, pain and deep abscess with or without sinus tracts.
- Premalignancy?? shared etiology
What is the common cause of cheilitis glandularis?
Chronic sun damagae
What are “ectopic” sebaceous glands?
Fordyce granules
What are some characteristics of fordyce granules?
- Develop after puberty
- >80% of population
- More common in buccal mucosa and often bilaterally symmetrical
- Asymptomatic
- Superficial yellow plaques
- No treatment, recognition only
What are the characteristics of fibromatosis gingivae?
- Least common
- Inherited, most autosomal dominant
- Isolated or with syndromes
- Clinically - asymptomatic, generalized gingival hyperplasia
- Treatment: surgery? recurrence (if it’s in the genes, surgery won’t cure)
What is aglossia?
Without tongue development (aplasia)
What are the terms for small underdeveloped tongue (hypoplasia) and enlarged, overdeveloped tongue?
- Small - microglossia
- Large - macroglossia
