Exam 1 Review 2

Question 1

Vitamin absorption mainly occurs in the _______ and ___________

Answer 1

jejunum, ilium

Question 2

Vitamins are transported to ___________

Answer 2

liver and fatty tissues

Question 3

________ diffuse through the blood

Answer 3

Water-soluble vitamins

Question 4

B-12 Deficiency Causes

Answer 4

celiac disease, anemia, gastrectomy, Crohn’s disease

Question 5

______ influences mineral absorption

Answer 5

Gender

Question 6

Common Pathways for Mineral Excretion

Answer 6

Feces (Rectum)
Urine (Kidney)
Sweat (Skin)

Question 7

Where does water of absorption take place?

Answer 7

The small and large intestine absorb about 9 L of water per day

Question 8

Muscle Fiber Types

Answer 8

Type 1: slow twitch oxidative fibers
Type 2a: fast twitch oxidative-glycolytic fibers
Type 2b: fast twitch glycolytic fibers

Question 9

Definition of Bioenergetics

Answer 9

flow of energy within a living system

Question 10

Types of Biological work: Mechanical, Chemical, and Transport

Answer 10

Mechanical: muscle contraction
Chemical: synthesizing chemical molecules
Transport: concentrates diverse substances in body fluids

Question 11

Use of ATP

Answer 11

• To power forms of biological work

Question 12

Phosphocreatine

Answer 12

• releases large amounts of energy
• provide a reservoir for high energy phosphate bonds.

Question 13

Phosphorylation

Answer 13

• refers to energy transfer through phosphate bonds

Question 14

Lipogenesis

Answer 14

The formation of fat, mostly in the cytoplasm of liver cells
Occurs when excess glucose or protein is not used immediately
- Needs ATP and the B vitamins (biotin, niacin and pantothenic acid)

Question 15

Adipocytes

Answer 15

Adipose tissue serves as an active and major supplier of fatty acid molecules.

Question 16

Type 1 (Slow Twitch) Characteristics

Answer 16

smaller fibers
higher fatigue resistance
uses glucose lipids and amino acids
lower power potential
aerobic ATP production

Question 17

Type 2 (Fast Twitch) Characteristics

Answer 17

larger fibers
lower fatigue resistance
uses primarily glucose fuels
higher power potential
anaerobic ATP production

Question 18

____ and ____ (high energy phosphates) supply most of the energy for brief all-out exercise

Answer 18

ATP, PCr
- Provide 50% of energy required for intense workout

Question 19

Carbohydrate use during exercise

Answer 19

Muscle glycogen
Blood glucose
-impacted by availability of glucose

Question 20

Sources of fat during exercise

Answer 20

Free fatty acids
- Fat is 50% of light and moderate exercise

Question 21

Protein use during exercise

Answer 21

The amount of protein energy depends upon nutritional status and intensity of exercise

Question 22

Aerobic energy transfer

Answer 22

Occurs during intense exercise, intermediate duration, 5-10 minutes

Question 23

Anaerobic energy transfer

Answer 23

Energy supply for fast movements, those requiring high power fast twitch muscle fibers, short duration

Question 24

calorie

Answer 24

one calorie expresses the quantity of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 k of water by 1 degree celsius

Question 25

Respiratory Quotient

Answer 25

ratio of carbon dioxide produced to oxygen consumed (in cells)
- RQ = CO2 produced ÷ O2 consumed

Question 26

Net energy value

Answer 26

actual energy available to the body

Question 27

Factors that determine total daily energy expenditure (during rest and physical activity):

Answer 27

Resting metabolic rate
Thermogenic influence of food consumed
Energy expended during physical activity and recovery

Question 28

Total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) is influenced by:

Answer 28

Physical activity (15-30%)
Dietary-induced thermogenesis (10-35%)
Climate – tropical climates increase BMR by 5%-20%
Pregnancy

Question 29

Net Energy Value - actual energy available in the body

Answer 29

Carbohydrates: 4
Lipids: 9
Proteins: 4