Exam 1 Review Flashcards
What are the 4 main biomolecules?
Carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
True or false: saccharide means sugar
True
Which one is not a complex sugar?
A) starch
B) glycogen
C) cellulose
D) cholesterol
D) cholesterol is a lipid
True or false: Cholesterol jams unsaturated lipids (kink=double bond), making membranes more fluid at high temps
False
What’s special about the structure of sphingomyelin?
Has serine, then phosphate, then choline
What’s the difference between a sphingomyelin and a sphingolipid?
A sphingolipid does not have serine (but does have choline)
Describe the structure of a glycolipid
Has serine and a glucose
What’s the difference in structure between a nucleotide and a nucleoside?
A nucleoside does not have a phosphate
True or false: purines are A & G consisting of double rings (6C and 5C rings)
True
What’s the most common non polar amino acid?
Methane (CH3)
True or false: alpha helices and beta sheets are formed by hydrogen bonds
True
Which disease is not caused by prions?
A) Mad cow disease (BSE)
B) Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
C) fatal familial insomnia
D) glaucoma
D) glaucoma
True or false: all coenzymes are considered cofactors, not all cofactors are enzymes
True
True or false: protein phosphorylation via kinases turns off proteins
False; it activates proteins
Do phosphatases activate or inactivate proteins?
inactivate through dephosphorylation
What is the most important function of lipid rafts?
A) serve as a base for proteins
B) move laterally
C) move as a unit of lipids
D) regions can have separate and specific functions
A) serve as a base for proteins
True or false: all transmembrane proteins are integral proteins, but not all integral proteins are transmembrane proteins
True
True or false: microfilaments and intermediate filaments are both polar
False; microfilaments and microtubules are polar, but intermediate filaments are not
Which filament is not correctly paired with its subunit?
A) microfilaments: G-actin
B) intermediate filaments: lamin
C) intermediate filaments: F-actin
D) microtubules: alpha and beta tubulin dimers
C)
Lamin and keratin are the subunits of intermediate filaments
F-actin is a polymer of G-actin, so it’s not technically a subunit of any filament
True or false: capping proteins and tropomyosin destabilize filaments
false
What is the order of actin-binding filaments?
Profilin (ATP to ADP), then formin (extension of a microfilament), then Arp 2/3 complex (formation of branches), then tropomyosin and capping proteins (stabilize filaments), cross-linking proteins (create bundles and networks), cofilin (severs actin filaments), spectrin (, ankyrin, protein 4.1, Rho
Plasma membrane phospholipids are
A) located mostly in the inner leaflet of the bilayer
B) symmetrically distributed between the membrane halves
C) located mostly in the outer leaflet of the bilayer
D) asymmetrically distributed between the membrane halves
D
