Exam 1 Review Flashcards
recycling centers found in animal cells, they are enzymes
Lysosomes
center of information and processes information
Nucleus
synthesize proteins scattered in the cytoplasm
Ribosomes
site of photosynthesis in plant cells
Chloroplasts
studded with ribosomes and manufactures proteins inserted into the
ER
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
detoxify cells and are a center for redox reactions
Peroxisomes
protein modification; processes, sorts, labels, and ships proteins
Golgi Apparatus
recycling centers & storage depots in plant cells
Vacuole
power-generating stations specialized for ATP generation
Mitochondria
synthesize lipids and reservoir for Ca ions
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
semi-fluidic medium in cells surrounding organelles
Cytoplasm
turns off enzymes (remove phosphate group by phosphatases)
Dephosphorylation
organic molecules, such as NADH or FADH2 that interact with enzymes
Coenzymes
activates many enzymes (addition of phosphate groups by kinases)
Phosphorylation
conformational change of enzyme to bring together substrates
Induced Fit Model
non-amino acid atoms or molecules permanently attached to proteins
Prosthetic Groups
inorganic ions that reversibly interact with enzymes
Cofactors
biological catalysts that accelerate chemical reactions
Enzymes
the molecule competes with the substrate for the active site
Competitive Inhibition
intermediate configuration between breaking old bonds & forming new ones
Transition State
a molecule (other than the substrate) binds at a location other than the active site
and causes a change in enzyme shape
Allosteric Regulation
