Exam 1 Review Flashcards
Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) represent
The average amount of a nutrient considered adequate to meet the needs of almost all healthy people.
The typical American Dietary patern is…
Low in whole grains.
Which statement is accurate regarding the characteristics of a healthy eating pattern?
Healthy eating patterns may reduce the risk of several chronic diseases: cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and certain cancers.
Detrimental health outcomes are linked to excessive intakes of all the following except…
Saturated fat, added sugars, and sodium. Carbohydrates are the exception.
Which statement regarding the characteristics of lifestyle medicine is not true?
Medications are not used in conjunction with lifestyle medicine.
Which of the following is not part of the four DGA?
Attain and maintain a healthy body weight throughout life.
The DGA recommends that Americans do all the following except…
Limit total fat intake to less than 30% of calories beginning at age 2.
Moderate alcohol consumption is…
Up to 1 drink per day for women and up to 2 drinks per day for men.
The nurse knows that the client understands their instructions about grain equivalents when the client verbalized that one grain equivalent is equal to…
One slice of bread.
A client states that there is no way they can eat all the vegetables recommended in their MyPlate plan. What is the nurse’s best response?
Set a goal of eating larger quantities of the vegetable servings that you currently eat, and gradually increase the servings and variety as you become more skillful in adding vegetables to your diet.
The nurse knows that the client understands their instructions about estimating portion sizes when the client verbalized that one cup of dried cereal looks like…
One baseball.
Which of the following food items is not nutrient dense?
Sweetened applesauce.
Compared to a healthy US eating pattern, a Mediterranean eating pattern is generally…
Higher in seafood and lower in dairy.
The nurse knows their explanation of glycemic index was effective when the says?
GI could help me choose the best foods to eat before, during, and after training.
Which of the following recommendations would be most effective for someone wanting to eat more fiber?
Eat legumes more regularly.
A client asks why sugar should be limited in the diet. What is the best response?
Foods high in sugar generally provide few nutrients other than calories and may make it hard to consume a diet that has enough of all the essential nutrients.
Compared to refined grains, whole grains have more…
Phytonutrients.
The nurse knows their instructions of choosing whole grains instead of refined grains are understood by the client when they verbalize that they will substitute…
Shredded wheat cereal for puffed wheat cereal.
Which might a client who has eaten too much dietetic candies sweetened with sorbitol experience?
Diarrhea.
The client wants to eat fewer calories and lose weight by substituting regularly sweetened foods with those that are sweetened with sugar alternatives. Which would be most effective at lowering calorie intake?
Sugar-free soft drinks for regular soft drinks.
A client is on a low calorie diet that recommends they test their urine for ketones to tell how well they are adhering to the guidelines of the diet. What does the presence of ketones signify about their intake?
It is too low on carbohydrates.
What is the RDA for protein for a healthy adult who weights 165 pounds?
60 gr
The client asks what foods are rich in proteins and are less expensive than meat. Which foods would the nurse recommend they eat more of?
Beans, peas, and lentils.
Which of the following is a lean source of protein?
Turkey breast without skin.
Which statement indicates the client understands vegetarian diets?
Vegetarians may need to take vitamin B12 supplements and other nutrients, depending on their actual food selection.
A client who is in a positive nitrogen balance is most likely to be…
Pregnant.
What should the nurse tell a patient who likes fish but refuses to eat it because of mercury poisoning?
The benefits of eating 8oz/week of a variety of fish outweigh any potential risks from mercury.
The nurse knows that instructions have been effective when the client verbalizes that a source of complete, high-quality protein is found in…
Cottage cheese.
To move toward healthier eating patterns, Americans should…
Eat more seafood.
The client asks if the cholesterol in shrimp is the “good” or “bad” type. What is the nurse’s best response?
Bad and good refer to how cholesterol is packed for transport through the blood. The cholesterol in food is unpacked and neither bad nor good.
When developing a teaching plan for a client who needs to limit saturated fat, which of the following foods would the nurse suggest the client limit?
Prime cuts of red meat and whole milk.
What is the primary function of fat?
Provide energy.
The nurse knows that the instructions have been effective when the client verbalizes that an ingredient that provides synthetic trans fats is…
Partially hydrogenated oil.
A client asks why lowering saturated fat intake is necessary for lowering serum cholesterol levels. What is the nurse’s best response?
Replacing saturated fats with unsaturated fats helps lower LDL (the “bad” cholesterol) and the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Which of the following is the best source of polyunsagurated fats?
Soybean oil.
Which statement indicates the client understands how to choose low-fat foods from MyPlate?
Within each food group, the foods lowest in fat should be chosen more often.
Which if the following is the top source of saturated fat intake among Americans?
Sandwiches.
When developing a teaching plan for a client who is on warfarin (Coumadin), which of the following foods would the nurse suggest that the client consume consistently because of their vitamin K content?
Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, and spinach.
A client asks if it’s better to consume folic acid from fortified foods or from a vitamin pill. What is the nurse’s best response?
Fortified foods and vitamin pills have the same form of folic acid, so it does not matter which source you use because they are both well absorbed.
Which population is at risk for combined deficiencies of thiamine, ribofklavin, and niacin?
Alcoholics.
Which vitamin is given in large doses to facilitate wound and bone healing?
Vitamin C.
Which statement indicates that the client understands the instructions given about using a vitaminsupplement?
Taking a multivitamin can not fully make up for poor food choices.
The client asks if taking supplements of beta carotene will help reduce the risk of cancer. What is the nurse’s best response?
Supplements of beta carotene have not been shown to lower the risk of cancer and may even promote cancer in certain people.
A client is diagnosed with pernicious anemia. What vitamins are they not absorbing?
Vitamin B12.
A client with hyperlipidemia is prescribed with niacin. The client asks if they can simply include more niacin-rich foods in their diet in order to forgo niacin in pill form. What is the nurse’s best response?
The dose of niacin needed to treat hyperlipidemia is far more than can be consumed through eating a niacin-rich diet.
A client with hyperlipidemia is prescribed with niacin. The client asks if they can simply include more niacin-rich foods in their diet in order to forgo niacin in pill form. What is the nurse’s best response?
The dose of niacin needed to treat hyperlipidemia is far more than can be consumed through eating a niacin-rich diet.
A healthy, young adult client asks how much water he should drink daily. Which of the following would be the nurse’s best response?
Drink to satisfy thirst, and you will consume adequate fluid.
When developing a teaching plan for a client who is lactose intolerant, which of the following foods would the nurse suggest as sources of calcium the client could tolerate?
Cheddar cheese, bok choy, and broccoli.
The client asks what makes the DASH diet different from a Healthy US Style Eating Pattern. What is the best response?
The DASH diet recommends significantly less oils.
Which of the following recommendations would be most effective at increasing potassium intake?
Consume more fruits, vegetables, and dairy.
A client asks why eating less sodium is important for healthy people. Which of the following is the nurse’s best response?
Lowering sodium intake lowers blood pressure in healthy people and may also decrease the risk of atherosclerotic heart disease.
Which of the following foods provides iron in a form that would be absorbed fast?
Red meat.
A client says he never adds salt to any foods that his wife serves, so he believes he is consuming a low-sodium diet. Which of the following is the nurse’s best response?
The major sources of sodium are processed and convenience foods. Limiting their intake makes the biggest impact on overall sodium intake.
What should you tell the client about taking mineral supplements?
If you do not have a mineral deficiency, supplements are not necessary and can lead to a potentially excessive intake that can cause adverse health effects.
For most Americans, the largest percentage of their total calories expensed daily is from…
Basal energy expenditure.
A nurse knows that their instructions about portion control have been effective when the client verbalizes that they will…
Use a smaller dinner plate.
A client asks how they can speed up their metabolism. Which of the following is the best response?
Include strength training in your exercise program because adding muscle tissue will increase metabolic rate.
How much weight will a person lose in a week if they eat 500 fewer calories a day then they need and increase their exercise expenditure by 500 calories a day?
2 pounds per week.
Using a simple formula based on calories per kilogram of body weight, how many calories per day would a healthy weight adult who weighs 70 kg need?
1750 to 2100 calories.
Waist circumference is an indicator of…
Central obesity.
Which of the following substitutions results in a less calorically dense choice?
Canadian bacon in place of bacon.
A BMI of 26 is classified as…
Overweight.
Foods and beverages provide vitamins, minerals, and other beneficial substances relative to the number of calories with little or no added sugars, saturated fat, and sodium.
Nutrient dense foods.
The amount of food listed on the Nutrition Fats label that refers to the amount customary consumed, for example, 1 cup of cooked spaghetti pasta.
Serving size.
The amount of food usually consumed at one time (e.g., 3 cups of spaghetti served as a restaurant entrée)
Portion size.
All foods made from wheat, rice, corn, barley, or oats are…
Grains.
A set of five nutrient dense reference values used to plan and evaluate diets.
Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)
This group contains bith animal (meat, poultry, seafood, eggs) and plant (nuts, seeds, beans, peas, lentils) sources.
Protein.
Single molecules of sugar; the most common indoors is hexose that contains six carbon atoms.
Monosaccharides.
“Double sugars”; composed of two monosacchaarides (e.g., sucrose, maltose, lactose)
Disaccharides.
Carbohydrates consisting of many sugar molecules.
Polysaccharides.
Storage form of glucose in animals and humans.
Glycogen.
Nutrients required by the body in large amounts (gram quantities); namely, carbohydrates, protein, and fat.
Macronutrients.
Nutrients required by the body in small amounts; namely vitamins and minerals.
Micronutrients.
Swelling of body tissues secondary to the accumulation of excessive fluid.
Edema.
An irreversible process in which the structure of a protein is disrupted, leading to partial or complete loss of function.
Denatured.
In which all the carbon atoms are bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as they can hold, so no double bonds exist between carbon atoms…
Saturated Fatty Acids (SFAs)
When fatty acids are not completely saturated with hydrogen atoms, so one or more double bonds form between the carbon atoms.
Unsaturated fatty acids.
An unsaturated fatty acid where the end most double bond occurs three carbon atoms from the methyl end of its carbon chain.
Omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid.
To add nutrients back that were lost during processing; for example, white flour is enriched with certain B vitamins lost when the bran and germ layers are removed.
Enrich.
To add nutrients to food that were either not originally present or were in insignificant amounts; for instance, many brands of orange juice are fortified with vitamin D.
Fortified.
Mercury, a necrotizing, is a heavy material that occurs naturally in the environment and is released into the air through industrial pollution. It changes into ___ when it falls from the air into the water.
Methylmercury.
Immeasurable water loss.
Insensible water loss.
Measurable water loss.
Sensible water loss.
Water produced as a by-product from the breakdown of carbohydrates, protein, and fat for energy.
Metabolic water.
Unit by which energy is measured; the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1C.
Calorie.
Number of calories expenses in a 24 hour period to fuel the involuntary activities of the body at rest and after a 12 hour fast.
Basal Energy Expenditure (EER) or Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR).
The number of calories expended in a 24 hour period to fuel the involuntary activities of the body at rest. It does not adhere to the criterion of a 12 hour fast.
Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR) or Resting Energy Expenditure (REE).
An estimation of the amount of energy required to digest, absorb, transport, metabolize, and store nutrients.
Thermic Effect of Food.
