Exam 1 Review Flashcards
mono
one
di
two
tri
three
tetra
four
penta
five
hexa
six
hepta
seven
octa
eight
nona
nine
deca
ten
hydride ion
H-
fluoride ion
F-
chloride ion
Cl-
bromide ion
Br-
iodide ion
I-
cyanide ion
CN-
hydroxide ion
OH-
chlorate ion
ClO3-
perchlorate ion
ClO4-
nitrate ion
NO3-
permanganate ion
MnO4-
oxide ion
O(2-)
peroxide ion
O2(2-)
sulfide ion
S(2-)
carbonate ion
CO3(2-)
chromate ion
CrO4(2-)
dichromate ion
Cr2O7(2-)
sulfate ion
SO4(2-)
nitride ion
N(3-)
phosphate ion
PO4(3-)
the study of the properties and behavior of matter
chemistry
anything that has mass and takes up space
matter
building blocks of matter
atoms
made of a unique kind of atom
element
made of two or more different kinds of elements
compound
group of atoms
molecule
the relative number of atoms of each element that makes up the compound is the same in any sample
Law of Constant Composition (Law of Definite Proportions)
mixture that varies in composition
heterogeneous
mixture that has the same composition throughout
homogeneous (solution)
mega
10^6
kilo
10^3
hecto
10^2
deca
10^1
deci
10^-1
centi
10^-2
milli
10^-3
micro
10^-6
nano
10^-9
pico
10^-12
diatomic molecules
H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2
lowest whole-number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound
empirical formula
exact number of atoms in each element in a compound
molecular formula
composed of molecules and almost always contain only nonmetals
molecular compound
formed when electrons are lost; positively charged
cation
formed when electrons are gained; negatively charged
anion
oxyanion nomenclature
fewer oxygen ends in -ite
more oxygen ends in -ate
the row the element is in tells you the minimum number of oxygens there can be; the maximum is the row number +1
nitrogen oxyanions are always (-)
sulfur oxyanions are always (2-)
halo-oxyanion nomenclature
fewest oxygen begins with hypo and ends in -ite
second fewest ends in -ite
second most ends in -ate
most oxygen begins with per and ends in -ate
