Exam 1 Review Flashcards
What do anticholinergics affect?
Digestion
Urination
Salivation
What medication is used to block the activity of acetylcholine to prevent involuntary muscle movement?
Anticholinergics
What type of medication can you use for respiratory distress, overactive bladder, incontinence, asthma, and Parkinson’s disease?
Anticholinergics
What would be the drug of choice for somebody with Parkinson’s disease?
Levodopa/Carbidopa (increases dopamine)
What anticholinergic medication is used to treat Parkinson’s disease?
Benztropine
What are the side effects of benztropine?
Dry mouth
Vomiting/Nausea
Tremors
What medication group inhibits, enhances, or mimics the action of acetylcholine?
Cholinergic
What are the clinical manifestations of Parkinson’s disease?
Shuffled gait
Tremors
Pill-Rolling
Is there a cure for Parkinson’s disease?
No, only medication to delay or slow down symptom progression.
What test is used to diagnose Myasthenia Gravis?
Tensilon Test
What should you assess for in a patient with Myasthenia Gravis?
Respiratory Rate
Swallowing and Muscle Weakness
What medication and treatment are used for Myasthenia Gravis?
Pyridostigmine
Neostigmine
Aminotherapy
If a patient with Myasthenia Gravis is having a colorectal crisis, what do we give?
Atropine
What type of fluid/medication is used to increase volume and can add additional proteins to the body?
Colloid Albumin
When giving colloid albumin, what signs should you look for in a patient that is receiving too much?
Edema
Crackles in the Lungs
Distended Bladder
What medication is known to be used as a paralytic?
Vecuronium
- Make sure patient is on a vent.
- This medication paralyzes people.
- Make sure to assess patient.
When caring for a patient taking vercuronium, are you able to discontinue this medication if the patient is on life support at any time?
No
What medical condition can be described as a bust of uncontrolled electrical activities?
Seizures
What are the 3 stages of a seizure?
Aura (feel when it will happen)
Tonic/Clonic (start to shake)
Postictal (wake up confused to what happened)
What medication would be given with an active seizure?
Ativan (Lorazepam)
Keppra (Levetiracetam)
If a patient is having a seizure, what is the main priority?
Patient Safety
Take off glasses and anything out of their hands
Do not put anything in their mouth
Lower the bed
Monitor patient & time the seizure
What medication is used to help someone having an exacerbation of multiple sclerosis?
Interferon
Since interferon does not cure MS, what does it do?
Helps decrease the duration of the exacerbation
What are some side effects of interferon?
Flu-like symptoms
- fatigue
- dizziness
- chills
- fever
What happens to the body in a patient with MS?
The mien deteriorates and singles conduction speed.
What are some clinical manifestations of MS?
Imbalance
Fatigue
Numbness/Tingling
What are the very first symptoms a patient will see with MS?
Tingling
What will patients with long term MS suffer from?
Progressive muscle weakness and will need PT/OT
What kind of shock occurs when you get stung by a bee or eat something you are allergic to causing trouble breathing?
Anaphylactic Shock
What fast acting medication is used during anaphylactic shock?
Epinephrine
What are 4 other medications that can be given for anaphylactic shock?
“ABC”
Antihistamine
Bronchodilator (expand the lungs)
Corticosteroids (reduce inflammation)
What broad class medication binds to adrenergic receptors such as Alpha 1, Alpha 2, Beta 1, and Beta 2 & What do they do?
Phenylephrine; it helps stimulate the nerves in the body.
What is the main adrenergic agonist?
Albuterol
What drug class is mainly given with patients who have anxiety?
Benzodiazepine
What is the reverse agent for benzodiazepine?
Flumazenil
What is an example of a barbiturate and when will you use it?
Phenobarbital; given to people with insomnia to help them sleep; anxiety, muscle spasms and prevent seizures.
What are the 2 main crystalloid fluids?
Normal Saline 0.9% and Lactated Ringers
What are sympathomimetic amines/vasopressors made up of?
Dopamine (increase HR)
Norepinephrine (increase BP)
Phenylephrine (increase BP)
Epinephrine
What do sympathomimetic amines do for the body?
Stimulate adrenergic receptors
What cholinergic medication is most commonly use for parasympathetic nervous system?
Bethanechol
During septic shock, what vasopressor should be given?
Norepinephrine
For anaphylactic shock, what vasopressor would you give?
Epinephrine
GABA, sodium, and calcium act on?
Seizures
What medication increases the level of acetylcholine and slow the progression of Alzheimer’s?
Donepezil (Aricept)
When administering muscle relaxers, what should you assess?
CNS Depression and Level of Consciousness
What is the main muscle relaxer?
Cyclobenzaprine
What are side effects of cyclobenzaprine?
Dizziness
Drowsiness
Dry Mouth
Blurred Vision
If rash, hives, or angioedema occurs without other symptoms when taking cyclobenzaprine, what would it be considered?
Allergic Reaction
During an adverse reaction to cyclobenzaprine, what would be the reversal agent?
Physostigmine
