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Pharmacology II > Exam 1 Review > Flashcards

Exam 1 Review Flashcards

1
Q

What do anticholinergics affect?

A

Digestion
Urination
Salivation

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2
Q

What medication is used to block the activity of acetylcholine to prevent involuntary muscle movement?

A

Anticholinergics

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3
Q

What type of medication can you use for respiratory distress, overactive bladder, incontinence, asthma, and Parkinson’s disease?

A

Anticholinergics

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4
Q

What would be the drug of choice for somebody with Parkinson’s disease?

A

Levodopa/Carbidopa (increases dopamine)

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5
Q

What anticholinergic medication is used to treat Parkinson’s disease?

A

Benztropine

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6
Q

What are the side effects of benztropine?

A

Dry mouth
Vomiting/Nausea
Tremors

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7
Q

What medication group inhibits, enhances, or mimics the action of acetylcholine?

A

Cholinergic

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8
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of Parkinson’s disease?

A

Shuffled gait
Tremors
Pill-Rolling

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9
Q

Is there a cure for Parkinson’s disease?

A

No, only medication to delay or slow down symptom progression.

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10
Q

What test is used to diagnose Myasthenia Gravis?

A

Tensilon Test

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11
Q

What should you assess for in a patient with Myasthenia Gravis?

A

Respiratory Rate
Swallowing and Muscle Weakness

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12
Q

What medication and treatment are used for Myasthenia Gravis?

A

Pyridostigmine
Neostigmine
Aminotherapy

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13
Q

If a patient with Myasthenia Gravis is having a colorectal crisis, what do we give?

A

Atropine

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14
Q

What type of fluid/medication is used to increase volume and can add additional proteins to the body?

A

Colloid Albumin

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15
Q

When giving colloid albumin, what signs should you look for in a patient that is receiving too much?

A

Edema
Crackles in the Lungs
Distended Bladder

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16
Q

What medication is known to be used as a paralytic?

A

Vecuronium
- Make sure patient is on a vent.
- This medication paralyzes people.
- Make sure to assess patient.

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17
Q

When caring for a patient taking vercuronium, are you able to discontinue this medication if the patient is on life support at any time?

A

No

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18
Q

What medical condition can be described as a bust of uncontrolled electrical activities?

A

Seizures

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19
Q

What are the 3 stages of a seizure?

A

Aura (feel when it will happen)
Tonic/Clonic (start to shake)
Postictal (wake up confused to what happened)

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20
Q

What medication would be given with an active seizure?

A

Ativan (Lorazepam)
Keppra (Levetiracetam)

21
Q

If a patient is having a seizure, what is the main priority?

A

Patient Safety
Take off glasses and anything out of their hands
Do not put anything in their mouth
Lower the bed
Monitor patient & time the seizure

22
Q

What medication is used to help someone having an exacerbation of multiple sclerosis?

A

Interferon

23
Q

Since interferon does not cure MS, what does it do?

A

Helps decrease the duration of the exacerbation

24
Q

What are some side effects of interferon?

A

Flu-like symptoms
- fatigue
- dizziness
- chills
- fever

25
Q

What happens to the body in a patient with MS?

A

The mien deteriorates and singles conduction speed.

26
Q

What are some clinical manifestations of MS?

A

Imbalance
Fatigue
Numbness/Tingling

27
Q

What are the very first symptoms a patient will see with MS?

A

Tingling

28
Q

What will patients with long term MS suffer from?

A

Progressive muscle weakness and will need PT/OT

29
Q

What kind of shock occurs when you get stung by a bee or eat something you are allergic to causing trouble breathing?

A

Anaphylactic Shock

30
Q

What fast acting medication is used during anaphylactic shock?

A

Epinephrine

31
Q

What are 4 other medications that can be given for anaphylactic shock?

A

“ABC”
Antihistamine
Bronchodilator (expand the lungs)
Corticosteroids (reduce inflammation)

32
Q

What broad class medication binds to adrenergic receptors such as Alpha 1, Alpha 2, Beta 1, and Beta 2 & What do they do?

A

Phenylephrine; it helps stimulate the nerves in the body.

33
Q

What is the main adrenergic agonist?

A

Albuterol

34
Q

What drug class is mainly given with patients who have anxiety?

A

Benzodiazepine

35
Q

What is the reverse agent for benzodiazepine?

A

Flumazenil

36
Q

What is an example of a barbiturate and when will you use it?

A

Phenobarbital; given to people with insomnia to help them sleep; anxiety, muscle spasms and prevent seizures.

37
Q

What are the 2 main crystalloid fluids?

A

Normal Saline 0.9% and Lactated Ringers

38
Q

What are sympathomimetic amines/vasopressors made up of?

A

Dopamine (increase HR)
Norepinephrine (increase BP)
Phenylephrine (increase BP)
Epinephrine

39
Q

What do sympathomimetic amines do for the body?

A

Stimulate adrenergic receptors

40
Q

What cholinergic medication is most commonly use for parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Bethanechol

41
Q

During septic shock, what vasopressor should be given?

A

Norepinephrine

42
Q

For anaphylactic shock, what vasopressor would you give?

A

Epinephrine

43
Q

GABA, sodium, and calcium act on?

A

Seizures

44
Q

What medication increases the level of acetylcholine and slow the progression of Alzheimer’s?

A

Donepezil (Aricept)

45
Q

When administering muscle relaxers, what should you assess?

A

CNS Depression and Level of Consciousness

46
Q

What is the main muscle relaxer?

A

Cyclobenzaprine

47
Q

What are side effects of cyclobenzaprine?

A

Dizziness
Drowsiness
Dry Mouth
Blurred Vision

48
Q

If rash, hives, or angioedema occurs without other symptoms when taking cyclobenzaprine, what would it be considered?

A

Allergic Reaction

49
Q

During an adverse reaction to cyclobenzaprine, what would be the reversal agent?

A

Physostigmine

Pharmacology II (3 decks)

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