Exam 1 Review Flashcards by Jasmine Trujillo

Which of the following questions largely stimulated the research of microbes during what is known as the Golden Age of Microbiology?

What causes disease + spontaneous generation

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Fungal diseases are generally referred to as

Mycoses

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Which of the following regarding all of the tapeworms that infect humans are TRUE?

They all have non-human intermediate hosts

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The tsetse fly is responsible for the spread of

African sleeping sickness

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In the case of Bubonic plague

All of the answers are correct

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Which of the following pairs of organisms would be the most closely related (similar)

Schistosoma mansoni and schistosoma japonicum

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The ability to exist as either a trophozoite or a cyst is characteristic of many

protozoa

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Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

cestodes — Aschelminthes

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Which of the following statements about fungi is FALSE?

fungi are photosynthetic

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Which of the following arthropods does NOT transmit diseases by sucking blood from a human host and therefore is not a biological vector but may be a mechanical vector that transmits germs or other pathogens physically on its legs?

houseflies

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Members of this group are photosynthetic

algae

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Which of the following is a flagellated pathogen of the intestinal tract?

giardia

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Elephantiasis is caused by

filarial roundworms

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Lice and mites

may both be spread by personal contact

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The infectious stage of a beef tapeworm for humans is the

cysticerci in beef

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In the malaria parasite life cycle

humans are the intermediate host and mosquitoes are both the definitive host and the vector

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Why is snail fever a common name for infections with Schistosoma?

Infection is contracted by contact with fresh water where the snail intermediate hosts occur

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The most obvious sign of Trichomoniasis upon gynecological examination is

“strawberry cervix”

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Robert Koch was involved in research on all of the following topics EXCEPT

the cause of fermentation.

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Which of the following is the most common parasitic disease in industrialized nations?

trichomoniasis

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Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

mosquito — candidiasis

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From most general to most specific, which is the correct order?

Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of viruses

they are visible with a light microscope like tho ones we use in lab

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African Sleeping sickness is caused by

flagellated protozoan

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The scientific name of an organism includes its

genus and species

Which of the statements regarding smallpox is TRUE?

smallpox has been eliminated as a naturally occurring infection in human beings, AND has been eliminated by effective vaccination

Short, hairlike structures used only by eukaryotic cells for movement are called

cilia

Which of the following is an opportunistic pathogenic fungus and also normal microbiota in humans?

Candida albicans

Bacterial cells produce ATP in the

plasma membrane

Nematodes

roundworms

Paralytic shellfish poisoning occurs when humans eat shellfish that have fed on

Gonyaulax species

Referring to the dog heartworm Dirofilaria immitis, which of the pairs is mismatched?

dog — intermediate host

Severe watery diarrhea with a "rotten-egg" smell accompanied by abdominal pain, bloating, and fever are signs and symptoms consistent with

giardiasis

Which of the following statements about Candida is FALSE?

It is easily treated with topical antifungals in immunocompromised patients

The microbes commonly known as ________ are single-celled eukaryotes that are generally motile.

protozoa

The encysted larva of the tapeworm is called a

cysticercus

Humans become infected with Schistosoma by

the penetration of cercariae through the skin

Which statement about aflatoxins is NOT true

They are produced by Candida

Which of the following vectors may spend their entire life associated with a single host individual?

lice

Which of the following infections was rare prior to the 1980's AIDS epidemic?

Pneumocystis pneumonia

Which of the following is the most important vector of human diseases?

mosquitoes

Which of the following organisms can colonize the nasal cavity and enter the brain to cause meningoencephalitis (PAM)?

Naegleria

Which of the following statements about algae is FALSE?

they are important in the degradation of dead plants and animals

Microorganisms characterized by the absence of a nucleus are called

prokaryotes

The presence of active motile multiflagellated trophozoites in vaginal or urethral secretion is indicative of infection with

Trich

Using a microscope, you observe an amoeba moving toward a food source. What structure is it using for motility?

pseudopodia

Which of the following pairs is mismatched

Plasmodium - cilia

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of protozoa?

they are all photosynthetic

Single-celled eukaryotic organisms that lack chlorophyll include

protozoa AND yeasts

Which of the following organelles is responsible for producing most of the ATP in a eukaryotic cell?

mitochondrion

Which of the following is classified as a nonmembranous organelle of eukaryotic cells?

Ribosome

Pediculus humanus

only uses humans as a host AND can transmit a bacterial disease

The first true vaccine created by Jenner, protected against a disease called smallpox, which is caused by a(n) ________ pathogen that he could not see or culture

Viral

Which of the following statements concerning Koch's postulates is false?

The suspected pathogen may not be present in all cases of the disease being studied

Which of the following pathogens can be transmitted by the fecal-oral route?

Cryptosporidium parvum

Pneumocystis jiroveci is

an obligate parasite that cannot survive outside the lungs

Which of the following is a flagellated protozoan that is sexually transmitted?

Trichomonas

Louis Pasteur demonstrated that fermentation to produce alcohol is caused by

yeasts which are facultative anaerobes

White patches on the surface of the tongue and the oral mucosa accompanied by inflammation and swelling are signs consistent with

Candiasis

What must one have before designing and conducting experiments?

Hypothesis

The pH at which most fungi thrive is slightly acidic:

Plasma membranes of ________ are composed of phospholipids.

bacteria and eukaryotes

Schistosoma

uses snails as an intermediate host

Which is/are the correctly written name?

Staphylococcus aureus

Dimorphic fungi

may grow as mycelia or yeast AND are often associated with disease in humans

Which of the following is the major component of bacterial cell walls?

Peptidoglycan

Pseudohyphae are associated with which of the following?

Yeasts

The study of the the cause of disease is

Etiology

Paralytic shellfish poisoning occurs when humans eat shellfish that have fed on

Gonyaulax species

Phthirus pubis

Cause crabs

When speaking about fungi, the tangled interwoven mass of hyphae is called

Mycelium

Why is snail fever a common name for infections with Schistosoma?

Infection is contracted by contact with fresh water where the snail intermediate hosts occur.

Fungal spores are a major cause of:

Asthma

The protozoans known as apicomplexans (or slime molds or Sporozoans)

can be intracellular parasites like the causative agent of Malaria

The division Basidiomycota includes which of the following types of fungi?

mushrooms (basidiocarps)

What do Taenia saginata, Entamoeba histolytica, and Enterobius vermicularis have in common?

they live in the intestines of their definitive host

Which of the following is transmitted by the fecal-oral route?

Entamoeba histolytica

Which of the following is Pin worms, the most common parasitic worm in the United States?

Enterobius vermicularis

The easiest way to prevent Taenia infection in humans is to:

thoroughly cook meat

The only helminth disease of humans spread by an insect vector is:

filariasis

Lichens are composed of a symbiosis of fungi and which of the following?

cyanobacteria or green algae

Koch's Postulates can be applied to:

an infectious disease

In lab, we will be working with several species of common

Bacteria

Antoni van Leeuwenhoek was the first person in history to

view microorganisms and record these observations

Which of the following parasites infects the lymphatic system?

Wuchereria (elephantiasis)

A plasmodium might also be called a:

Slime mold

What are cercariae?

fluke larvae

Which of the following contributes to infection with Trichomonas vaginalis?

pre existing disease (chlamydia, for example)

Yersinia pestis is transmitted by fleas. The organism forms biofilms in the digestive tract of infected fleas, often blocking the tract. This prevents the flea from feeding properly, causing bacteria to be regurgitated into the bite wound that the flea has made. In this situation, the flea is a

biological vector

Neurocysticercosis is

a condition caused by a tapeworm cyst in the brain

Which of the following parasites infects the lymphatic system

elephantiasis

Ringworm is caused by

dermatophytes growing in the outer dead tissue layers of the skin (epidermis).

Which of the following is a dinoflagellate that occurs locally causing "Red Tide" and produces a toxin that causes respiratory distress to some beach goers and kills fish?

Karenia brevis (also called Gymnodinium breve)

Which of the following contributes to infection with Trichomonas vaginalis?

preexisting disease (chlamydia, for example)

Which of the following is the mis-match?

Baker's yeast-algae

The colonial morphology of Micrococcus luteus is

round and yellow

Which of the following is transmitted by the fecal-oral route?

Entamoeba histolytica

The cell types that lack a membrane-bound nucleus and have rigid cell walls of peptidoglycan are

bacteria

Which of the following was NOT an aspect of Pasteur's experiments to disprove spontaneous generation?

The flasks he used were sealed with corks

Cytoplasmic membranes of ________ are composed of phospholipids with proteins.

bacteria and eukaryotes

Which of the following scientists provided evidence in favor of the concept of spontaneous generation?

Needham

A contact lens wearer and cat owner begins to experience problems with her eye. The eye is inflamed and painful, and examination of the eye reveals that the conjunctiva is ulcerating. Which of the following parasites could be responsible?

Acanthamoeba culbertsoni