Exam 1 Review Flashcards
What are 3 medical conditions/diagnoses related to the term COPD?
What are 3 interventions that a patient may receive when they participate in pulmonary rehabilitation?
What are 4 environmental factors that can trigger asthma?
What are some of the reasons why patients with COPD are at in increased risk for falls?
What is the difference between a embolic and thrombotic event?
What are 3 risk factors associated with Diabetes?
What are 3 modified risk factors?
What are 3 clinical manifestations of uncontrollable Diabetes?
What is the clinical term used for this condition?
What are 3 clinical presentations that a patient may exhibit if he/she has a deep vein thrombosis?
What are 3 conditions that may cause a heart value issue?
What are 3 medical tests that are used to diagnose coronary artery disease?
What are 3 clinical complications of diabetes that as an OT you would be concerned about?
Blood is drawn from the:
A. Arteries
B. Veins
B. Veins
All veins carry deoxygenated blood except:
Pulmonary veins
All arteries carry deoxygenated blood except:
Pulmonary arteries
The heart is on the BLANK side of the chest.
A. Left
B. Right
B. Left
The BLANK lung has 3 lobes while the other has 2.
A. Left
B. Right
B. Right
How does blood circulate through the heart?
How does blood circulate through the body?
What is peripheral vascular disease (PVD)?
Changes the way blood flows through the arteries and veins.
1. Vessels narrow.
2. Vessels become occluded.
3. Vessels weaken.
Regarding heart flow, arteries move blood BLANK from the heart.
away
Regarding heart flow, veins BLANK blood to the heart.
toward
What is atherosclerosis?
Thickening of vessel walls secondary to plaque accumulation.
What is plaque?
Plaque is a fatty build-up made of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and fibrous tissue.
What is peripheral artery disease (PAD)?
Pathology: in heart/brain can lead to myocardial infarction (MI) or cerebral vascular accident (CVA)
Narrowing of arteries leading to reduced blood flow, anoxia, and loss of nutrients. If this occurs in the brain, it can lea to a stroke.
Define anoxia
The absence or deficiency of blood.
What are the three types of arterial occlusion?
- Thrombotic occlusion
- Embolic occlusion
- Plaque occlusion
Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of peripheral artery disease (PAD)?
A. True
B. False
A. True
Explain what thrombotic occlusion is.
Nerve injury; fibrous lining forms a clot; blood clot prevents or reduces blood flow.
Explain what embolic occlusion is.
Blood clot or other substance travels through the bloodstream; clot or substance becomes lodged in a vessel preventing or reducing blood flow.
Explain what plaque occlusion is.
Plaque builds up under arterial wall; aterial wall remains intact; blood flow is reduced
BLANK is the primary symptom of PAD.
Claudication: limb pain associated with walking and relieved immediately by rest (intermittent claudication)
Pathology: reduction in blood flow during activity leads to muscle cramping (anaerobic) & limb pain
What are the 5 Ps (symptoms) of PAD?
- Pain
- Pallor (paleness)
- Parasthesia (numbness, tingling)
- Paralysis
- Poikilothermia (inability to maintain a constant core temperature independent of ambient temperature)
What are risk factors for developing PAD?
Age
Sex
Family history
* Hypertension
* High cholesterol
* Obesity
* Smoking
* Sedentary lifestyle
* Diet
* Diabetes
* Stress
*modifiable
List 4 assessment sites for PAD
- Femoral
- Popliteal
- Pedal (top of foot)
- Tibial (medial)
List 3 types of diagnoses for PAD
- Ankle brachial reflex
- Ultrasound Doppler (noninvasive imaging)
- Angiogram: radioactive dye is injected into the circulatory system, then Xray
What are 2 types of venous thromboembolism?
- Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
- Pulmonary embolism (PE)
Explain what deep vein thrombosis is and its symptoms.
A thrombus (blood clot) forms in a deep vein, typically arm or leg.
Symptoms are STRP
- Swelling
- Tenderness
- Redness
- Pain
Explain what pulmonary embolism is and its symptoms.
An embolis (piece of clot) breaks off and travels through the blood stream to the smaller vessels in the lung.
Symptoms:
- Difficulty breathing
- rapid or irregular heartbeat
- low blood pressure (dizzy or lightheaded)
- chest pain or discomfort (worsens with breathing or coughing)
What are the diagnoses testing for DVT (deep vein thrombosis)?
- Imagine required for diagnoses
- Ultrasound
- D-dimer blood test-blood enzymes
- X-ray w/contrast
- MRI
- Invasive procedure (most accurate)
What are the diagnoses for PE (pulmonary embolism)?
- Pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) standard; X-ray w/contrast (radioactive dye is injected)
- Ventilation-perfusion (V/Q )scan-measures oxygenation and blood flow lungs
- MRI
What are the 3 steps of development for a pulmonary embolism?
- Blood clot (embolus) forms in a vein and breaks free from the vessel wall.
- Embolus travels through the bloodstream and heart into the vessel of the lung.
- The embolus obstructs a vessel in the lung and deprives tissue of blood.
What are 2 noninvasive forms of medical management of DVT and PE?
- Anticoagulants (ex: Heprin, Warafin, etc)
- Thrombolytics: “clot busters” for more severe cases
