Exam 1 Review Flashcards
defined and regulated by the company that owns the brand
Natural
- Minimally processed
- no Artificial ingredients
- No preservatives
-Generally no implants, no antibiotics
Natural
Must be certified by the USDA each segment of the production chain must be certified
Organic
- certified producers
-feeders and processors
-organic feedstuffs
-no antibiotics
Organic
production of agriculture commodities using resources, technologies and management practices that promote clean air, clean water and productive soils
Sustainable
Basic Human Needs
Food, Clothing, Power, Shelter, Emotional well being, Fuels, Physical well being, entertainment
- Fewer production units
- Larger average size
- more specialization
Production Unit
Simplified Livestock Industry Structure
- Seedstock Breeding
- Commercial Breeding
- Growing/Finishing
- Packing
- Wholesale Distribution/Processing
- Retail
- Consumer
One firm owns 2 or more industry segments
Ownership integration
ownership of segments may be separate, but one firm
may control (at least partially) multiple segments through contract
arrangements
Contract Integration
What is Vertical integrator
Poultry
Red meat products come primarily from?
Cattle, Swine, sheep, goats and others
Red Meat: Beef
cattle
Red Meat: Veal
calves
Red Meat: Pork
hogs
red meat: Mutton
mature sheep
red meat: Chevon
Adult goats
Red meat: Lamb
young sheep
Red meat: Cabrito
young goats
Hot Carcass Weight/ Live Weight x 100
dressing percentage
estimate the amount of boneless, closely
trimmed retail cuts from the high-value parts of the
carcass - the round, loin, rib, and chuck.
Yield Grades
G1 Carcass
will have the highest percentage of boneless,
closely trimmed retail cuts, or higher cutability
would have the lowest percentage of
boneless, closely trimmed retail cuts, or the lowest
curability
G5 carcass
What are the 7 quality grades for beef from the highest to lowest
- Prime
- Choice
- Select
- Standard
- Commercial
- Utility
- Cutter
is not given USDA quality grades as the
meat is generally uniform and tender.
Pork
Primary Breeder Companies ( Two Main Companies)
-Aviagen - Ross
- Cobb
outer layer of the shell; protective covering; blocks the
pores of the shell; preserves freshness & prevents
contamination
Cuticle
Egg White
Albumen
Eggs are Made of 4 layers
- Outer thin layer
- Firm/Fibrous layer
- Inner thin Layer
- Chalaziferous layer
produced during the day; contains more fat
Yellow yolk
produced at night; contains more protein
White Yolk
surrounds & protects the yolk.
The vitelline membrane
of eggs are sold “in-shell”
70%
Levels of Agricultural Development
- Developed
- Subsistence
- Primitive
- Less than 10% of population farming
- Highly specialized
- Highly mechanized
- High per capita income
- High literacy rate for total population
Developed
- half of population farming
- each family consumes what it produces with small portion to sell
- A lot of hand and animal labor
- Low per capital income
- Low literacy rate
Subsistence
- entire population involved in food production
- Scarcity of food
- all done by hand, little animal assistance
- extremely low per capita income
- very few literate individuals
Primitive
