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Bio 106 > EXAM 1 review > Flashcards

EXAM 1 review Flashcards

1
Q

micro

A

small

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2
Q

macro

A

large

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3
Q

Hyper

A

More

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4
Q

Hypo

A

less

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5
Q

iso

A

same

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6
Q

poly

A

many

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7
Q

hemo

A

blood

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8
Q

lysis/lysos

A

breakdown

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9
Q

cyto

A

cell

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10
Q

pseudo

A

false

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11
Q

endo

A

inside

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12
Q

exo

A

outside

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13
Q

ase

A

enzyme

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14
Q

ose

A

sugar

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15
Q

what is the study of life

A

biology

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16
Q

types of organic molecules

A

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

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17
Q

a proposed testable explanation of observations

A

hypothesis

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18
Q

atomic number

A

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

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19
Q

atomic weight

A

the number of protons plus the number of neutrons

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20
Q

valance shells

A

outermost shell of an atom

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21
Q

inert gases (noble gases)

A

Six elements that make up the last group in the periodic table of elements ( do not combine with other elements)

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22
Q

ion

A

an atom or group of atoms that has positive or negative charge

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23
Q

isomers

A

same molecular formula but different structures

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24
Q

Isotopes

A

atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers

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25
Q

Solute

A

A substance that is dissolved in a solution.

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26
Q

Solvent

A

the substance in which the solute dissolves

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27
Q

Tonicity

A

the ability of a solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water

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28
Q

Eukaryote

A

A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

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29
Q

Prokaryote

A

unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus

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30
Q

Nucleus (cell)

A

the central part of the cell where DNA is stored

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31
Q

nucleus (atom)

A

The center of an atom that contains the protons and neutrons

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32
Q

Mitochondrion

A

Cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use

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33
Q

plasma membrane

A

A selectively-permeable phospholipid bilayer forming the boundary of the cells

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34
Q

cell wall

A

strong, supporting layer around the cell membrane in some cells

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35
Q

Golgi Complex/Apparatus

A

a cell organelle that helps make and package materials to be transported out of the cell

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36
Q

Ribosomes

A

Makes proteins

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37
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

A cell structure that forms a maze of passageways in which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another.

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38
Q

Lysosomes

A

An organelle containing digestive enzymes

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39
Q

Chloroplast

A

organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy

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40
Q

Enzymes

A

Proteins that speed up chemical reactions

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41
Q

active site

A

a region on an enzyme that binds to a protein or other substance during a reaction.

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42
Q

energy of activation

A

the amount of energy required to start a reaction

42
Q

kinetic energy

A

energy in motion

43
Q

potential energy

A

stored energy

44
Q

ATP

A

energy

45
Q

osmosis

A

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

46
Q

Diffusion

A

Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

47
Q

facilitated diffusion

A

Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels

48
Q

active

A

requires energy to move substances across the cell

49
Q

passive

A

does not require energy to move substance across the cell

50
Q

concentration gradient

A

the gradual difference in concentration of a dissolved substance in a solution between a region of high density and one of lower density

51
Q

dehydration synthesis

A

A chemical reaction in which two molecules are bonded together with the removal of a water molecule.

52
Q

hydrolysis

A

water added to break down something

53
Q

Monomer

A

a molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer.

54
Q

Polymer

A

A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.

55
Q

Saturated

A

no double bonds

56
Q

Endergonic

A

requires energy

57
Q

Exergonic

A

releases energy

58
Q

conservation of energy

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it may be transformed from one form into another, but the total amount of energy never changes

59
Q

what organic molecules have the formula CH2O?

A

carbohydrates

60
Q

Flagellum

A

hair-like projection on a sperm cell that makes it motile

61
Q

What is the basic unit of matter?

A

atom

62
Q

monomers of a protein

A

amino acids

63
Q

selective permeability

A

a process in which the plasma membrane of a cell allows some molecules into the cell while keeping others out

64
Q

Name all the domains

A

Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya

65
Q

Name all the components of the hierarchy from atom through biosphere.

A

Atoms, molecules, organelles, cell tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems, and biosphere.

66
Q

NAME THE TYPE OF BOND: between the H and O within a water molecule

A

polar covalent

67
Q

NAME THE TYPE OF BOND: between a positive ion and a negative ion

A

ionic bond

68
Q

NAME THE TYPE OF BOND: between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino acid group of another

A

peptide bonds

69
Q

what elements are found in all the organic molecules?

A

hydrogen, carbon, oxygen

70
Q

what organic molecules are non-polar?

A

lipids

71
Q

what organic molecules hydrophobic

A

lipids

72
Q

what organic molecules are composed of amino acids

A

protein

73
Q

what organic molecules do not form polymers

A

lipids

74
Q

what organic molecules are composed of poly peptide chains

A

protein

75
Q

what organic molecules include sugars

A

carbohydrates

76
Q

what organic molecules include DNA and RNA?

A

nucleic acid

77
Q

what will happen to a red blood cell in a hyper tonic solution

A

it will shrink

78
Q

what will happen to a red blood cell in a hypo tonic solution

A

it would swell then eventually burst

79
Q

what will happen to a red blood cell in a isotonic solution

A

it would stay the same

80
Q

describe the structure of the plasma membrane

A

it is made up of a phospholipid bilayer with a polar head and hydrophobic tail facing each other to keep the water out.

81
Q

What do the columns on the periodic table represent?

A

the columns represent groups on the periodic table

82
Q

What do the rows on the periodic table represent?

A

number of electron shells

83
Q

What are the building blocks of proteins?

A

amino acids

84
Q

Cillia

A

hair like projections of a cell that move in wave like motion

85
Q

COOH

A

acidic

86
Q

Entropy

A

disorder

87
Q

what molecule has a double helix shape

A

DNA

88
Q

what is the effect an enzyme has on the energy of activation

A

it decreases it

89
Q

cells that have rigged cell wall

A

plant cell

90
Q

glucose +fructose

A

sucrose

91
Q

glucose + galactose

A

lactose

92
Q

glucose + glucose

A

maltose

93
Q

glucose and fructose are

A

isomers

94
Q

netrual pH

A

7

95
Q

substance used to maintain PH

A

Buffer

96
Q

Where is ATP produced?

A

mitochondria

97
Q

polypeptide chain

A

chain of amino acids

98
Q

elements in the far right column of the periodic table are called what

A

noble gases/ inert gases

99
Q

organic catalysts

A

enzymes

100
Q

monomers of polysaccharides

A

monosaccharides

101
Q

what makes the endoplasmic reticulum rough?

A

ribosomes

102
Q

what is the opposite of hydrolysis?

A

dehydration synthesis

Bio 106 (2 decks)

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