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Biol 2311 > Exam 1 Review > Flashcards

Exam 1 Review Flashcards

1
Q

Which functional group is involved with organic molecules going through dehydration synthesis reactions?
a. Carbonyl
b. Hydroxyl
c. Sulfhydryl
d. Water

A

b. hydroxyl

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2
Q

Which of the following is true of sucrose?
a. It is formed via hydrolysis of a glucose and fructose molecule
b. It is formed via dehydration synthesis of a glucose and fructose molecule
c. It is formed via hydrolysis of two galactose molecules
d. It is formed via dehydration synthesis of two galactose molecules

A

b. It is formed via dehydration synthesis of a glucose and fructose molecule

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3
Q
  1. Which of the following polysaccharides are made up of monomers that have nitrogen- containing groups?

a. Cellulose
b. Glycogen
c. Amylose
d. Chitin

A

d. chitin

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4
Q
  1. Which of the following is true of Alpha/Beta linkages?
    a. Alpha linkages point above the plane of the ring and an example of an Alpha linkage is lactose
    b. Beta linkages point above the plane of the ring and an example of a Beta linkage is maltose
    c. Alpha linkages point below the plane of the ring and an example of an Alpha linkage is maltose
    d. Beta linkages point below the plane of the ring and an example of a Beta linkage is maltose
A

c. Alpha linkages point below the plane of the ring and an example of an Alpha linkage is maltose

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5
Q
  1. Which of the following is not a function of triglycerides?
    a. Maintains fluidity in cell membranes
    b. Serves as energy reserves in animals
    c. Acts as insulation in mammals and birds
    d. Makes bird feathers waterproof
A

c. Acts as insulation in mammals and birds

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6
Q
  1. Which of the following is true about saturated and unsaturated fats
    a. saturated fats are healthier than unsaturated fats
    b. unsaturated fats are solid a room temperature
    c. saturated fats bend at each double bond
    d. unsaturated fats improve cholesterol levels
A

d. unsaturated fats improve cholesterol levels

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7
Q
  1. What is false of phospholipids in Eukaryotes?
    a. They compose the nuclear envelope’s bilayers.
    b. They are composed of a glycerol head, a phosphate group, and two fatty acid tails.
    c. Their structure allows for all substances to pass through the plasma membrane with ease.
    d. They have both polar and nonpolar qualities.
A

d. They have both polar and nonpolar qualities.

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8
Q
  1. The sex hormones, estradiol and testosterone, are examples of steroid hormones which control development, behavior, and many biochemical processes. Which of the following is a difference between estradiol and testosterone?
    a. Testosterone has two methyl groups b. Estradiol has two methyl groups
    c. Testosterone has two hydroxyl groups
    d. Estradiol has a carbonyl group
A

a. Testosterone has two methyl groups

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9
Q
  1. Which of the following is false about nitrogenous base structures?
    a. Uracil and Thymine both contain 2 carbonyl groups
    b. Cytosine is the only pyrimidine that contains an amine group
    c. Uracil and Adenine are both purines
    d. Thymine contains a methyl group
A

c. Uracil and Adenine are both purines
(adenine and guanine)

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10
Q

5’ AT G TCA TG AC T GA T 3’
3’ TA C AGT AC TG A CT A 5’
How many hydrogen bonds are present from the highlighted portions (between asterisks) of this sequence of DNA?
a. 18
b. 24
c. 21
d. 22

A

c. 21

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11
Q
  1. Which of the following amino acids is necessary for stabilizing tertiary protein structure
A

a. cysteine

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12
Q
  1. What is the role of chaperonins?
    a. to form disulfide linkages between amino acids
    b. cause the denaturation of proteins
    c. cause the formation of domains in proteins
    d. direct the conformations of the proteins
A

d. direct the conformations of the proteins

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13
Q
  1. If a drug were created that targeted a particular bacteria’s ability to produce cysteine,

which of these would be the likely effect?
a. Cause proteins to renature.
b. Inhibit the ability to form disulfide bridges and in turn, stabilize as well as link proteins.
c. Speed up the production of chaperonins.
d. Inhibit the ability of the cell to produce a protein that is not of the proper conformation.

A

b. Inhibit the ability to form disulfide bridges and in turn, stabilize as well as link proteins.

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14
Q
  1. Which one of these statements is false regarding the plasma membrane?
    a. it separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm
    b. is embedded with certain proteins
    c. is composed of a lipid bilayer
    d. is selectively permeable
A

a. it separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm

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15
Q
  1. which of the following is FALSE regarding prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
    a Eukaryotic cells have a plasma membrane that when loosely associated is called the slime layer.
    b. Prokaryotic cells have a cell wall coated with polysaccharides. This is called the glycocalyx.
    c. Eukaryotic cells have membrane bound organelles.
    d. Prokaryotes have a circular chromosome while Eukaryotes have a linear chromosome.
A

a. Eukaryotic cells have a plasma membrane that when loosely associated is called the slime layer

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16
Q
  1. Which structure is correctly matched to the type of cell it is present in?
    a. Central vacuole - animal cell
    b. Cilia-plant cell
    c. Lysosomes-plant cell
    d. Centrosomes with centrioles - animal cell
A

d. Centrosomes with centrioles - animal cell

17
Q
  1. Include all correct statements.
    Ribosomes_____
    I. are freely suspended in the cytosol/others are attached to membranes
    II. are made up of ribosomal RNA and proteins
    III. consist of a large, medium, and small subunits
    IV. subunits are assembled in nucleolus
A

d. I, II, and IV

18
Q
  1. Which answer choice explains the function of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum?
    a. synthesizes lipids
    b. collects, packages and distributes molecules (using vesicles)
    c. synthesizes proteins
    d. adds carbohydrate groups to proteins to produce glycoproteins
A

d. adds carbohydrate groups to proteins to produce glycoproteins

19
Q
  1. Which statement about the mitochondria Is FALSE?
    a. Cell respiration takes place in the innermost compartment of the mitochondria
    b. The mitochondria carries its own ribosomes and DNA
    c. Prokaryotic cells lack mitochondria
    d. The mitochondria can produce ATP in the absence of oxygen
A

d. The mitochondria can produce ATP in the absence of oxygen

20
Q
  1. Which of the following statements is true regarding the Golgi Apparatus?
    a. Proteins from the ER enter on the cis face and exit from the trans face
    b. The Golgi apparatus is responsible for synthesizing nucleotides
    c. The Golgi apparatus assists with secondary protein folding
    d. It assists in the formation of glycolipids but not glycoproteins
A

a. Proteins from the ER enter on the cis face and exit from the trans face

21
Q
  1. Which of the following is false of Lysosomes?
    a. Lysosomes arise from the Golgi Apparatus (Trans Golgi Network)
    b. Lysosomes are present in both animals and in plants
    c. Lysosomes have an acidic environment
    d. Lysosomes degrade material in their lumen
A

b. Lysosomes are present in both animals and in plants

22
Q
  1. Which of the following are involved in both endocytosis and exocytosis?
    I. Plasma Membrane
    II. Lysosomes
    III. Secretary vesicles
    IV. Endoplasmic Reticulum

a. I and II
b. III and IV
c. II, III, and IV
d. I, II, and IV

A

d. I, II, and IV

23
Q
  1. What is unique about the eukaryotic cell?
    a. the cell wall reinforces the barrier between the outside and inside of the cell
    b. the nucleus is enclosed by a membrane
    c. the vacuoles store most of the cells water
A

b. the nucleus is enclosed by a membrane

24
Q
  1. All of the following are true of the cytoskeleton except:
    a. Microtubules are the largest filaments of the cytoskeleton.
    b. The cytoskeleton is composed of 3 different types of filaments.
    c. Dyneins carry molecules from the inner part of the cell to the edge, while kinesins carry molecules from the edge to the inner part of the cell.
    d. Microfilaments are involved in cytoplasmic streaming, the process of transporting nutrients, proteins, and organelles in eukaryotes.
A

c. Dyneins carry molecules from the inner part of the cell to the edge, while kinesins carry molecules from the edge to the inner part of the cell.

25
Q
  1. Which type of junction opens direct channels allowing ions and small molecules to

pass directly from one cell to another?
a. Tight junctions
b. Adherens junctions
c. Anchoring junctions
d. Gap junctions

A

d. Gap junctions

26
Q
  1. The extracellular matrix (ECM) contains:
    a. glycoproteins (collagen in animals)
    b. fibronectins
    c. proteoglycans
    d. all of the above
A

d. all of the above

27
Q
  1. The process where secretory vesicles, consisting fully modified proteins, budding from the Golgi membranes is called______
A

exocytosis

28
Q

31.A_____ is an amino acid sequence on large molecules that can be recognized by transport proteins to allow passage through the nuclear envelope.

A

Nuclear localization signal - tested with a mutation

29
Q
  1. FRQ- What did the Anfinsen’s experiment prove and what experimental method was used? Include the type of protein, bonds, and environment in your answer.
A

Proved-ribonucleus
disulfide bond determined function
Protein can be renatured
proteins sl 20

30
Q
  1. FRQ-Explain the difference between DNA vs RNA, please discuss the structure and base pairing, and how they exist.
A

Dna double strand
Dna has no oxygen on backbone
Rna has uracil, not tyrosine

31
Q
  1. FRQ- What type of bonds/interactions stabilize the protein structure at each level (primary, secondary tertiary, quaternary)?
A
  1. Peptide
    2.hydrogen
    3.disulfide, hydrogen, salt bridges, hydrophobic interactions
    4.same as 3

Biol 2311 (1 decks)

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