Exam 1 review Flashcards
half-duplex
two-way comm, but only one direction can send data at a time
application architectures
functions of the application layer software are spread among the clients and servers in the network
bandwidth
difference between the highest and lowest frequencies in a band or set of frequencies
codec
translates analog into digital
coding scheme
language that computers use to represent data
server
stores data or software that can be accessed by the clients
client
The input-output hardware device at the user’s end of a communication circuit.
peer-to-peer network
A type of network that connects two client computers directly together.
router
device that connects 2 or more networks
Simplex transmission
One-way transmission, such as that with radios and TVs.
Post Office Protocol (POP)
An application layer over the internet standard protocol used by local email clients to retrieve email from a remote server over TCP/IP connection.
multiplexing
A form of transmission that allows multiple signals to travel simultaneously over one medium.
full-duplex
Communicate in both directions at the same time
Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)
A protocol used to retrieve email messages.
Ethernet Transmission
Ethernet systems divide data into frames, similar to internet packets. Each frame contains source and destination addresses and error checking data.
geosynchronous
having a period of rotation synchronous with that of the earth’s rotation
Layer 1 - Physical layer
physical connection between sender and receiver
Layer 2 - Data Link Layer
responsible for moving a message from one computer to the next computer to the next computer in the network path from the sender to the receiver
Layer 3: Network Layer
performs routing
Layer 4 - Transport Layer
This layer ensures error-free transmission between host through logical addressing. Inbound & outbound ports are controlled in this layer. Ports = transport layer.
Layer 5 - Session Layer
managing and structuring all session
Layer 6 - Presentation Layer
formats the data for presentation to the user
Layer 7 - Application Layer
This layer is where message creation and packet creation begins.
groups of layers
-application layer
-internetwork layer
-hardware layer
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)
nonproprietary markup language that a web browser interprets and uses to display the content as a web page
http
all web browsers must use when they request a web page
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
delivers hardware networking capabilities, including the use of servers, networking, and storage, over the cloud using a pay-per-use revenue model
Internet Model
A five-layer network model most commonly used
Low Earth Orbit (LEO)
satellites are placed in lower orbits to minimize prorogation delay
Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)
several standards for nontext files have been developed that can be operate together with SMTP
Modem
A device that allows computers to communicate over telephone lines
Modulation
process of impressing low-frequency information signals into high-frequency carrier signal
open systems interconnection reference model (OSI model)
computer-to-computer communications over a network
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
hardward and software that provides an operating system on which developers can create and deploy
Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)
method where computer circuits transmit binary data as a series of electrical pulses
Protocol Data Unit (PDU)
contains information that is needed to transmit the message through the network
Software as a Service (SaaS)
A form of cloud computing where a firm subscribes to a third-party software and receives a service that is delivered online.
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
Internet standard protocol for transferring e-mail messages from one computer to another
standards
hardware and software produced by different vendors can work together
Standards Organizations
Government agencies, voluntary groups, and industry associations involved in establishing guidelines to assist in bringing uniformity to business processes or products.
thin client
little or no application logic on client
thick client
most or all application logic on client
Local Area Network (LAN)
group of computers located in the same general area
backbone networks (BN)
larger, central network connecting several LANs, other BNs, MANs, and WANs
Wide area Networks (WAN)
connect BNs and MANs
Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
web address
video conferencing
instant messaging
Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)
commonly used to transmit phone conversations over digital networks
wireless media
message is broadcast through the air, such as microwave or satellite
