Exam 1 review Flashcards
The word Herpetology is derived from the ____ words “Herpein” and “Herpeton” meaning “reptile and creepy”
Greek
The Egyptian God of good health was represented by a
Cobra
The Roman god of good health, _______, pictured as 2 intertwining snakes, is now the symbol of medicine
Aesclepius
Which of these individuals was the oldest contributer to the knowledge Herpetology?
John Ray
Early and “weird” looking amphibians which have become extinct without leaving any descendants, belonged to the group ____________
Lepospondyls
Which of these authored the most used field guide of amphibians and reptiles of NE America
Joseph Collins and Roger Conant
Today, live venemous snakes are used in famous religious rituals in_______
India and N. America
Copeia is the name of a
Herpetological and Ichthyology journal
The opening to the cloaca of most amphibians and reptiles is the
vent
According to the most recent systematics, which of these is not a frog family>
Xenophidae
the “claws” and “spades” of some frogs, feet skin elements, are made of
keratin
The longest lungless tetrapod is a
caecilian
The sperm package deposited by most male salamanders is called
spermatophore
toxic glans on the back of the head of some amphibians is ____
paratoid gland
Which one of these herpetologists is famous for his contributions to “Amphibian Biology” and published a major book with such a name?
Duellman
The largest salamanders in the world are found in _________
CHINA/JAPAN
The cloacal chamber that stores sperm in females of many species of salamanders is the
spermatheca
Which of these always lacks legs?
caecilians
characteristic of toad morphology and taxonomic significance is the
cranial crests
The Batrachiomorpha is a taxonomic name encompassing all the
primitive ancestors to all modern amphibians
The native members of the family Pipidae live only in
Africa and South America
The presence of 2 lateral vocal sacs are distinct traits of the family _____
Ranidae
A flagellum is a morphological trait of the ___________
tail of some tadpoles
Annuli and secondary annuli are unique characteristics of ____
adult caecilians
A major blood vessel part of the aortic arches and unique to amphibians is called the
pulmocutaneous trunk
The inguinal patch of anurans is involved in ______________
water regulation
which one of these families of frogs has toe pads?
Hylidae and centrolenidae
Which one of these cells changes the skin color of amphibians and reptiles depending on the angle of incidence of the light?
iridophores
which of these taxa is characterized by being fossorial and having short tails/lacking one?
Gymnophiona
Teeth located in sockets within the jaw bones are known as _____
thecodont
the bones that most often bear teeth in frogs are the _________-
maxilla and premaxilla
Abdominal ribs, belly original skeletal elements, are found in some members of the genus _____________
leiopelma
The pectoral girdle associated with the most advanced/derived anurans is known as ______________
firmisternal
The large external tympanum is a structure characteristic of nearly all ______
toads and frogs
Cranial crests are found in _______
all toads
The costal groove, unique characteristic of some amphibians, are found _________
none of these (circling the dorsal side of body)
Sexual determination in amphibians takes place via
chromosomal sex determination
Which one of these amphibians is well known for its complex group of hybrids and triploid species
Pelophylax (Rana) esculenta
Which group of amphibians DOES NOT have, at all, a copulatory organ
Caudata
Which one of these families contains species with the distinct trait known as nasolabial groove?
Plethodontidae
Which one of these groups of amphibians has no external ear?
salamanders and caecilians
Most advanced caecilians have a skill classified to as ________ with respect to kinesis
stegokrotaphic
A dorsolateral fold is a morphological trait characteristic of some ________
frogs
Caecilians are the least diverse group of extant Lissamphibia with approximately ___________ known species
190
Which of these morphological traits is unique to the order Gymnophiona?
protrusible rostral tentacle
The Bidder’s organ is an original and characteristic anuran structure with a role in __________
reproduction
Which one of these families of frogs are known as the glass frogs
Centrolenidae
Which one of these groups of fish are considered the common ancestor to all terrestrial tetrapods?
Sarcopterygii
Which one of these conditions refers to the derived, more ossified and less kinetic pectoral girdle in frogs?
firmisternal
which term refers to the skeletal elements articulating tha jaws and the cranium in vertebrates
Suspensorium
Which one of these general contain extremely toxic species
Oophaga
The “spiracle” is an important respiratory characteristic of the larvae of _______
frogs
The group of early terrestrial tetrapods in direct line of evolution of true modern amphibians were the
Temnospondylia
The primitive fish who evolved into first tetrapods are relatives of today’s living __________-
Caelancaths and Dipnoi
Members of the family Bufonidae are unique among amphibians because they ________
have no teeth
Which one of these scientists wrote a large series of books entitled “Biology of Reptilia”
Gans
The most modern and accepted school of systematics is called _____
cladistics
Which of these taxonomic groups are not acceptable evolutionary units of modern systematics?
Paraphyletic and polyphyletic
2 occipital condyles are determining characteristics of the anatomy of _____
frogs, caecilians, and salamanders
Buccal pump
method of ventilation used in respiration in which the animal moves the floor of its mouth in a rhythmic manner that is externally apparent. It is the sole means of inflating the lungs in amphibians.
Ichthyostega
One of the first weight-bearing tetrapods recorded. It was the most terrestrial, had more derived shoulder girdles, and less digits. It, along with Acanthostega (more primitive) are referred to as Icthyostegalia which gave rise to all modern amphibians and reptiles
Firmisternal
derived, more ossified and less kinetic pectoral girdle in frogs
Labyrinthodont tooth
a type of tooth made up of infolded enamel that provides a grooved and strongly reinforced structure. It is characteristic of Temnospondyls
Eusthenopteron
it was the first offshoot of Crossopterygii and was basically a fish with primitive legs and lungs. It gave rise to what eventually because Ichthyostega which was terrestrial and then amphibians and reptiles
Chickilidae
A family of caecilians. They are fossorial and have modified skulls adapted for burrowing.
Unken reflex
When some salamanders, toads, and frogs are threatened, they will adopt a passive defensive posture in which they twist their bodies so their head and tail are up. They often expose warning coloration on the undersides. An example of an animal that does this is the Fire-bellied toad
Triadobatrachus
It an ancestral fossil that gave rise to modern day frogs. It is considered to be the first frog. Some frogs still share the name “batrachus”
