Exam #1 Review Flashcards
What is nominal data?
Unordered data meaning that order and magnitude are not important
What is ordinal data?
Ordered data meaning that difference between values don’t always have meaning
What is discrete data?
Numbers are measured quantities. Quantites are restricted to specify values (integers or counts). Can also be summarized like 2.7 kids/household
What is continuous data?
Numbers are not restricted. Ex: temperature
Types of data:
Height and parent height (in inches)
Continuous
Types of data:
Resting heart rate?
Continuous
Types of data:
More education or get a job?
Nominal
Types of data: Pet preference (dog, cat)
Nominal
Types of data:
Shoe size?
Discrete
Types of data:
Level of importance (very, somewhat, not important)?
Ordinal
Types of data:
Hours of sleep per night?
Continuous
Types of data:
Early or late
Nominal
Types of data:
Number of siblings?
Discrete
Types of data:
Ounces of caffeinated beverages?
Continuous
Types of data: Political party (democrat, republican, other, none)
Nominal
Types of data: Quantitative skills (1-10)
Ordinal/discrete
Types of graphs used for nominal and ordinal data?
Bar graph and pie chart
Types of graphs used for continuous or discrete data?
Histogram, box plot, scatterplot
Types of data:
Level of pain (minimal, moderate, severe)
Oridinal
Types of data:
Shoe length?
Continuous
The risk or chance that a particular event will occur?
Probability
The ________ of an event A, denoted by Ā, consists of all outcomes in which event A does not occur
Complement
3 operations of events can occur with probability:
Intersection
Union
Complement
What is intersection of A and B?
Both A and B occur (A ∩ B)
What is union of A and B?
Either A or B or both occur (A U B)
What is complement of A (Ā)?
The probability A does NOT occur
What is a mutually exclusive event?
Two events that cannot occur simultaneously (ex: cannot get heads and tails from flipping one coin)
What are not mutually exclusive events?
Two events that CAN occur simultaneously (ex: flipping two coins and getting both heads)
What is an independent event?
The occurence of event A does not affect whether B occurs
True or false:
Independent events and mutually exclusive events are not the same thing.
True
Independent event or mutually exclusive event?
If A occurs, then B is not affected.
Independent event
Independent event or mutually exclusive event?
If A occurs, B CANNOT occur.
Mutually exclusive event
The ________ ________ is the probability event B will occur given that event A has already occurred.
Conditional probability
P(A ∩ B)) / P(A
Measures of central tendency include:
Mean, median, mode
Measures of dispersion spread include:
Range, interquartile range, variance or standard deviation
Ways continuous data can be distributed include:
Symmetric
Bimodal
Skewed
Expresses the relationship between mean and SD by showing the amount of variability in relation to size of mean.
Coefficient of Variation (CV)
What is any characteristic that can be measured or categorized?
Variable
A _______ ________ is a variable that can take on either a finite number of values (each with an associated probabilty) or an infinite number of values whose probabilites are summarized by a density function.
Random variable
Type of distribution that includes a variable that can take on a finite number of values (each with an associated probabilty). An example of this is rolling a die.
Binomial distribution
Type of distribution that includes a variable with an infinite number of values whose probabilities are summarized by a density funtion. An example of this is height in U.S. population.
Normal distribution
Assumptions that must be met when using the binomial distribution include:
- ) There are a fixed number of trials n, each of which results in one of two mutually exclusive outcomes.
- ) The outcomes of the n trials are independent.
- ) The probability of success p is constant of each trial
