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saecc > exam 1 - resp emergencies > Flashcards

exam 1 - resp emergencies Flashcards

1
Q

is the nose often a site for resp emergency

A

no but epistaxis can cause resp distress and stenotic nares can lead to heat stress

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2
Q

what in the esophagus can cause resp distress

A

eso mass or FB that impinges on trachea

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3
Q

emergency tx for larynx emergencies

A

sedation, oxygen, +/- corticosteroids
paralysis, trauma, neoplasia

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4
Q

surgical options for larynx emergencies

A

temp tracheostomy,
laryngoplasty - paralysis, rarely done on emergency

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5
Q

types of tracheal emergencies

A

traumatic disruption
obstructive lesions

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6
Q

how to dx tracheal tears

A

SQ emphysema, pneumomediastinum
tracheoscopy, rads

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7
Q

tx for tracheal tears

A

conservative - cage rest, rarely tube trach

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8
Q

do we do surgery for tracheal tears

A

no
resection/anastomoses occasionally needed

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9
Q

where does inspiratory distress point to in the trachea

A

extrathoracic

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10
Q

where does expiratory distress point to in the trachea

A

intrathroacic

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11
Q

emergency tx of tracheal obstruction

A

sedation, oxygen, +/- corticosteroids

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12
Q

surgery for tracheal obstruction

A

tube trach caudal to obstruction
FB retrieval, rings or stents for collapse

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13
Q

what does hyporesonance mean in thoracic percussions

A

fluid, solid organs
thud sound

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14
Q

what does hyper-resonance mean in thoracic percussion

A

air, gas filled organ
ping

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15
Q

causes of pleural space emergencies

A

pleural effusion, pneumothorax, diaphragmatic hernia

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16
Q

emergency tx of pleural effusion

A

thoracocentesis, thoracostomy tube

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17
Q

typical vs tension pneumothorax

A

tension = flap that prevents air escape once its entered

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18
Q

emergency tx of pneumothorax

A

thoracocentesis, thoracostomy tube

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19
Q

what is most common - typical or tension pneumothorax

A

typical

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20
Q

mediastinal emergencies

A

pneumomediastinum, septic mediastinitis, hemomediastinum

21
Q

which mediastinal emergency has the most mortality`

A

septic mediastinitis

22
Q

pneumomediastinum tx

A

rarely needed - address underlying cause
can progress to pneumothorax

23
Q

how does septic mediastinum start

A

eso perforation

24
Q

pulmonary edema

A

accumulation of fluid in pulmonary interstitium and alveoli

25
Q

can pulmonary edema be life threatening

A

yes

26
Q

causes of pulmonary edema

A

increased pulmonary capillary pressure
increased pulmonary capillary permeability - leaky

27
Q

will hypoproteinemia cause pulmonary edema

A

not alone

28
Q

special cases of pulmonary edema

A

high altitude, thromboembolism, neurogenic, ARDS

29
Q

what is the one type of high pressure pulmonary edema

A

cardiogenic

30
Q

pulmonary edema tx

A

treat underlying cause
oxygen, diuretic, bronchodilators, ventilation

31
Q

when to use Abx for pneumonia

A

based on culture

32
Q

pneumonia vs pneumonitis

A

pneumonia - inflammation from infection
pneumonitis - noninfection inflammation

33
Q

what is pulmonary contusion

A

truamatic injury resulting in hemorrhage and edema in parenchyma

34
Q

what are the 2 endpoints for pulmonary contusions

A

most resolve in 3-10 days
some severe enough to cause death

35
Q

tx for pulmonary contusion

A

symptomatic
NO ABX - unless secondary pneumonia
avoid fluid overload - give diuretic if suspected

36
Q

how does pulmonary thromboembolism present

A

cause of acute, unexpected death
rarely diagnosed antemortem

37
Q

tx for pulmonary thromboembolism

A

symptomatic
anticoagulant
thrombolytics rarely used - too risky

38
Q

what end airway disease in what animal is most likely to present for emergency

A

cat allergic bronchitis

39
Q

feline asthma CS and emergency tx

A

paroxysmal cough, wheezing, resp distress, cyanosis
bronchodilators, corticosteroids, oxygen

40
Q

infectious bronchitis causes

A

viral, allergic, aspiration

41
Q

infectious bronchitis tx

A

often not emergent
bronchodilation, nebulization, Abx

42
Q

lung lobe torsion presentation

A

pleural effusion

43
Q

normal tx for lung lobe torsion

A

surgery - not usually emergency

44
Q

emergency tx for lung lobe torsion

A

thoracocentesis, thoracostomy tube

45
Q

are rib fx life threatening

A

not normally but can cause pneumothorax, pulmonary contusion, myocardial injury

46
Q

rib fx emergency tx

A

intercostal nerve block, avoid thoracic bandage

47
Q

what is flail chest

A

segment of thoracic wall with multiple ribs fractured dorsally and ventrally causing paradoxical motion

48
Q

flail chest tx

A

emergency - supportive - intercostal nerve blocks
surgical - splint, rarely necessary

49
Q

is thoracic wall perforation bad

A

yes, can be rapidly fatal
close defect early, place thoracostomy tube

saecc (5 decks)

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