Exam 1: Qualitative Flashcards
What are the steps in EBP ?
- ask
- acquire
- appraise
- apply
- analyze
What does PICO stand for ?
P: population
I: intervention of interest
C: comparison intervention or status
O: outcome
T: time (sometimes included)
What is the purpose of a PICO question ?
makes the process of asking an answerable question easier
- to get the question clear in your mind
- identify info needed to answer the question
- translate question into searchable terms
- develop and refine your research approach
How do we acquire knowledge in nursing ?
- traditions
- authority
- borrowing
- trial and error
- personal experience
- role modeling
- intuition
- reasoning
- collaboration
What is EBP (evidence-based practice) ?
a problem-solving approach to clinical decision-making within a health care organization that:
- integrates best available scientific evidence
- integrates best available experiential (pt and provider) evidence
- considers internal and external influences on practice
- encourages critical thinking in the judicious application of such evidence to care of the individual patient, pt population, or system
Where does the PICO question fit in the five steps of the EBP process ?
ask
What is qualitative research ?
a systematic subjective approach used to describe personal experiences and to give meaning to them
- flexible research design
What are some common elements of a qualitative research ?
- pertain to understanding personal experiences (individual context matters)
- exploratory, descriptive, personalized, and detailed
- data involves free text from interviews, focus groups, or from observations by a research (field notes)
- analysis involves coding or identifying themes from the larger pool of data
What are some characteristics of qualitative research ?
- small purposive sample based on “saturation”
- intensive data collection
- data collected through general, open-ended questions
- emergent
- inductive analysis
What is data saturation ?
when new participants don’t add new ideas or new information (redundancy)
- when data collection can stop
- can sometimes be challenging to accomplish depending on the topic and analysis design
What is a case study ?
in-depth examination of a unique event involving people, groups of people, or institutions
- analysis of interviews, focus groups, or site observations
- used as a foundation for future broader research initiatives
What is a ethnography ?
description and interpretation of different cultural or social groups through immersion in the setting of interest
- getting a “inside” view of culture rather than a “outside” view
- extensive field notes including observations, photographs, interviews, etc
What is grounded theory ?
approach used to generate theory about basic social processes
- constructs theory where it doesn’t exist or fails to adequately explain the phenomena
- theories are expected to emerge directly from the data
- resulting theory can be applied to other studies
What is phenomenology ?
lived experiences of a phenomenon through the people involved in that experience
- intention is to “immerse” yourself in the lived experience
- experiences in relation to their environment
- bracketing: “calling out” your reactions and feelings
What is a historical research method ?
research involving events from the past
- documents
- relics
- artifacts
- interviews
- journals
- eyewitnesses
- pictures
What is comprehending ?
making sense of the data
- learning what’s going on
When is comprehending achieved ?
when saturation is achieved
What is synthesizing ?
sifting through the raw data and putting the pieces together
- goal is to be able to make generalized statements about the phenomena
What is auditability ?
when themes of the study are consistent with the participants exemplar quotes
