Exam 1 PSY 610

Question 1

Neurons

Answer 1

Basic unit of nervous system

dendrites soma axon hillock axon terminal

Question 2

Glia (2)

Answer 2

astrocytes- role in BBB

oligodendroglia- myelin production

Question 3

commisural pathway

Answer 3

carry information from one hemisphere to another

Question 4

Association pathway

Answer 4

tracks that carry info anterior and posterior within hemispheres

Question 5

projection pathways

Answer 5

carry info between cortical and subcortical (up and down)

Question 6

Action potential

Answer 6

1) -70 mv- resting potential
2) some sort of input reaches threshold -55mv
3) Na+ channels open and Na rushes in
4) projects down axon
5) NA channels close
6) K channels open
7) overshoot- naK pump resets neuron

Question 7

organization of neurons in the cortex

Answer 7

afferent layers- 2,3,4 (primary is cortical layer 4- from thalamus)(2,3, is cortex to cortex)

efferent layers- 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
(5 is to brainstem) (6 is to the thalamus) (2,3,5,6 is cortex to cortex)

Question 8

Structure of brain

Answer 8

Forebrain- most complex and most recently evolved
Midbrain- many subcortical nuclei and fiber tracts (substantia nigra, thalamus, medical lemniscus, etc)
Hindbrain- more primitive organization and oldest (cerebellum and brain stem)

Question 9

Hindbrain

Answer 9

most primitive
medulla- corticospinal tract passes midline
reticular formation- consciousness- reticular activating system
pons- fiber carrying
cerebellum- motor learning

Question 10

Midbrain

Answer 10

Reticular activating system
Sensory and motor pathways- auditory and visual processing
CN-1-4 exit here
lesions associated with tremor, rigidity, and mvt. disorders

Question 11

forebrain

Answer 11

diencephalon- between brain
thalamus- relay
hypothalamus- autonomic responses
Telencephalon
cerebral cortex
basal ganglia
limbic system

Question 12

General organization of the spinal cord

Answer 12

c1-c8 neck and arms
t1-t12 back and core
l1-l5 lower back and front legs
s1-s5 but and back of legs

Question 13

arcuate fasciculus

Answer 13

primary speech pathway
temporal cortex- wenickes area-
arches around lateral fissure and goes to frontal cortex- brocas area

Question 14

Serotonin

Answer 14

indolamines- – involved in information processing, coordination of movement, inhibition, and restraint; assists in regulation of eating, sexual, and aggressive behaviors.

Question 15

Norepinephrine

Answer 15

catecholamine- active in CNS and PNS, controlling heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, etc…

Question 16

Dopamine

Answer 16

catecholamine- activates other neurotransmitters and aids in exploratory and pleasure seeking behaviors, etc.

Question 17

Gaba

Answer 17

monoamine- works as an inhibitory neurotransmitter; implicated in generalized anxiety

Question 18

glutamate

Answer 18

monoamine- works as an excitatory neurotransmitter; implicated in schizophrenia, autism..

Question 19

Cranial nerves

Answer 19

OOOTTAFVGVAH

SSMMBMBSBBMM

Question 20

thalamic nuclei

Answer 20

DAVVVLPLM- structure

CCBCSAPVA- function

Question 21

motor pathway

Answer 21

mc-> internal capsule-> medulla (x)-> ventral spine->muscle

Question 22

basal ganglia

Answer 22

putamen, globas pallidus, caudate nucleus

Question 23

limbic system

Answer 23

amgydala, hippocampus, septum, cingulate ctx

Question 24

papez circuit

Answer 24

parahippocampal gyrus ->fornix-> septum-> mammillary bodies->mammothalamic tract->anterior thalamic nuclei-> cingulategyrus-cingulum->hippocampus->enterorhinal cortex