Exam 1 Problem Set Questions Flashcards
Which of the following anticancer drugs are cell cycle-nonspecific?
a. vinca alkaloids
b. taxanes
c. epipodophyllotoxins
d. alkylating agents
d. alkylating agents
Which of the following exerts its cyctotoxic effect by cross-linking DNA?
a. Vinorelbine
b. Fluorouracil
c. paclitaxel
d. teniposide
e. cyclophosphamide
e. cyclophosphamide
Which of the following is used to minimize the risk of cardiotoxicity during doxorubicin therapy?
a. leucovorin
b. folic acid
c. daunorubicin
d. none of the above
e. a and b
d. none of the above
Dexrazoxane is used.
Which of the following anticancer drugs is activated to FdUMP in cancer cells?
a. methotrexate
b. mercaptopurine
c. docetaxel
d. fluorouracil
e. cyclophosphamide
d. fluorouracil
The main dose-limiting toxicity of vincristine is:
a. bone marrow depression
b. neurotoxicity
c. nephrotoxicity
d. cardiotoxicity
b. neurotoxicity
Which of the following anticancer drugs binds to DNA through intercalation?
a. mitomycin
b. cyclophosphamide
c. daunorubicin
d. none of the above
c. daunorubicin
Which of the following drugs exerts its cytotoxic effect by inhibiting topoisomerase II enzyme?
a. vinblastine
b. bleomycin
c. paclitaxel
d. doxorubicin
d. doxorubicin
Which of the following is a mechanism of acquired resistance to the anticancer drug cyclophosphamide?
a. increased synthesis of dihydrofolate reductase
b. increased synthesis of glutathione-S-transferase
c. decreased synthesis of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase
d. increased synthesis of xanthine oxidase
b. increased synthesis of glutathione-S-transferase
Which of the following anticancer drugs exerts its cytotoxic effect by inhibiting DNA synthesis?
a. raloxifene
b. degarelix
c. daunorubicin
d. fulvestrant
e. exemestane
c. daunorubicin
Which of the following anticancer drugs are cell cycle-nonspecific?
a. vinca alkaloids
b. taxanes
c. epipodophyllotoxins
d. alkylating agents
d. alkylating agents
Which of the following exerts its cyctotoxic effect by cross-linking DNA?
a. vinorelbine
b. fluorouracil
c. paclitaxel
d. teniposide
e. cyclophosphamide
e. cyclophosphamide
Which of the following anticancer drugs is activated to FdUMP in cancer cells?
a. methotrexate
b. mercaptopurine
c. docetaxel
d. fluorouracil
e. cyclophosphamide
d. fluorouracil
The main dose-limiting toxicity of vincristine is:
a. bone marrow depression
b. neurotoxicity
c. nephrotoxicity
d. cardiotoxicity
b. neurotoxicity
When administered concomitantly, which of the following increases plasma levels and toxicity of the anticancer drug mercaptopurine?
a. colchicine
b. febuxostat
c. indomethacin
d. celecoxib
b. febuxostat
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor (allopurinol and febuxostat)
Resistance to mercaptopurine has been attributed to which of the following mechanisms?
a. increased levels of alkaline phosphatase
b. increased levels of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase
c. decreased levels of xanthine oxidase
d. decreased levels of dihydrofolate reductase
a. increased levels of alkaline phosphatase
Are bifunctional alkylating agents more effective than monofunctional alkylating agents at killing cancer cells? Explain.
Yes, because it is harder to repair than the damage done by bifunctional alkylating agents.
Name all mechanisms of resistance to the alkylating agents.
a. increased glutathione production
b. increased glutathione s transferase production
c. increased DNA repair
d. decreased cell permeability
How do we rescue normal cells from the toxicity of methotrexate? Explain
a. We use Leucovorin (or Levoleucovorin (S-enantiomer)) in combination with methotrexate in patients who are taking normal doses of methotrexate to restore DNA and purine synthesis in normal cells and act as a storage for methotrexate.
b. If the patient is taking high does, the patient must take Leucovorin and Glucarpidase. Glucarpidase will decrease plasma levels of methotrexate. Leucovorin will decrease intracellular levels of methotrexate.
Name 4 anticancer drugs that can inhibit DNA synthesis in the cell.
a. methotrexate
b. cyclophosphoramide
c. fluorouracil
d. mercaptopurine
Why do we need to decrease the dose of mercaptopurine when we use it in combination with allopurinol (treats hyperuricemia (high plasma levels of uric acid)/gout)? Explain
Allopurinol is a xanthan oxidase inhibitor. We must decrease the dose because mercaptopurine is metabolized by Xanthian oxidase to 6-zianthoric acid. Allopurinol will inhibit the metabolism of mercaptopurine, so decreasing the amount of mercaptopurine will prevent too much mercaptopurine in the body.
What do we use dexrazoxane for? Explain.
One of the components used to minimize chronic cardiotoxicity. It binds to iron and prevents the formation of free radicals in the myocardial cells of the heart.
Why do we use allopurinol during cancer chemotherapy? Explain
Patients who receive cytotoxic drugs will have elevated levels of uric acid. Allopurinol is given to decrease the plasma levels of uric acid. When cells are killed, purines are dumped into the plasma resulting in hyperuricemia
