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Chemistry 1100 > Exam #1 Prep > Flashcards

Exam #1 Prep Flashcards

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1
Q

Of the 5 major components of air, which is the only one to vary significantly in concentration from place to place and day to day?

A

water vapor

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2
Q

What substance is not considered an air pollutant, N2, SO2, NO2, or O3?

A

N2

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3
Q

The two main products of the combustion of gasoline in an auto engine are…

A

water and carbon dioxide

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4
Q

What is a diatomic molecule?

A

a molecule consisting of only two atoms (O2, N2, etc)

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5
Q

Which pollutant is present in air as PM?

A

soot

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6
Q

Which color, in the Air Quality Index, warns that a pollutant is hazardous at the most dangerous level?

A

maroon

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7
Q

Which substance is an element, NO2, NaCl, N2, or CH4?

A

N2

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8
Q

Ozone is considered an air pollutant in the _____, but is a valuable protective layer in the _______.

A

trophosphere, stratosphere

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9
Q

A ______ is a fixed number of atoms held together by chemical bonds in a certain spatial arrangement

A

molecule

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10
Q

What is the chemical symbol for silver?

A

Ag

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11
Q

Except in the case of hydrocarbons, when naming virtually all compounds made up to two elements, the second element mentioned _______.

A

ends in -ide

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12
Q

Which pollutant are you more likely to encounter in dangerous concentrations indoors rather than outdoors?

A 
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
-long atmospheric lifetime, moves in and out of buildings easily through doors, vents, and windows
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13
Q

What is the balanced equation for the reaction of N2 and O2 to form NO?

A

N2 + O2 –> 2NO

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14
Q

All of these pollutants can be detected by odors except….

CO, O3, SO2, NO2

A

CO

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15
Q

Catalytic converters reduce the amount of _____ in car exhaust

A

CO - catalyze combustion of CO to CO2

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16
Q

When assessing the risk of an air pollutant, which does NOT play a role in considering someone’s exposure to the pollutant? (person’s lung capacity, person’s breathing rate, toxicity of pollutant, or concentration in air of pollutant)

A

toxicity of pollutant

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17
Q

Which is not a mixture? (jar filled with rocks and sand, sea water, glass of Kool-Aid, or Sodium Chloride)

A

Sodium Chloride

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18
Q

What distinguishes the atoms of one element from another?

A

of protons

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19
Q

Which region of the UV spectrum is absorbed least by the atmosphere?

A

UV-A

20
Q

Where is the “ozone layer” found?

A

in the stratosphere

21
Q

Light behaves like…

A

both a particle and a wave

22
Q

In the periodic table, which elements typically have similar properties?

A

those in the same columns

23
Q

13
C
6

A

6 protons
7 neutrons
6 electrons

24
Q

Isotopes have the same # of _______, but a different number of ________

A

protons, neutrons

25
Q

Free radicals are ________

A

highly reactive chemical species, species with unpaired electrons (ex. H. or .OH)

26
Q

WUKF FM transmits at 93.5 MHz. What is the wavelength?

A

.

27
Q

Results of the Montreal Protocol include…

A

greatly reduced production of CFCs, increased production of alternatives to CFCs, recycling of CFCs

28
Q

The Montreal Protocol is….

A

a treaty to reduce the amount of CFCs produced in the real world

29
Q

What is special about the South Pole vs. the North Pole that leads to ozone depletion only at the South Pole?

A

Polar stratospheric clouds from almost exclusively at the South Pole

30
Q

Stratospheric ozone is destroyed/formed at the same rate ______

A

above the equator and Antarctic in its early fall

31
Q

Why does oxygen break apart at lower wavelengths than the ozone molecule?

A

average bond in oxygen is shorter and stronger than ozone

32
Q

What are parts of the Chapman cycle in the stratosphere?

A
  • ozone is removed by an interaction with UV radiation

- ozone reacts with oxygen atoms to form oxygen molecules

33
Q

Which UV light is the most energetic?

A

UV-C

34
Q

Which product of the UV decomposition of CFCs acts as the catalyst for ozone decomposition?

A

chlorine atoms

35
Q

UV-B radiation has a frequency of approximately 10^17 Hz, what is the energy?

A

6.63 x 10^-17 J

36
Q

What is the relationship between stratospheric levels of atomic chlorine and ozone?

A

as chlorine increases, ozone decreases (inverse relationship)

37
Q

Which step in the Chapman Cycle produces oxygen atoms?

A

absorption of light (wavelength equal to or less than 242nm) by oxygen molecules

38
Q

Element sin the same column of the periodic table in the groups labeled A tend to have similar physical/chemical properties because they have the same # of ______

A

valence electrons

39
Q

Mass number of an isotope of an element is the sum of the _____ and _______.

A

protons, neutrons

40
Q

Chlorofluorocarbons rise in the stratosphere and ….

A

interact with UV energy to produce free radicals that destroy ozone

41
Q

Increasing wavelength of light goes in this order…

A

UV –> visible –> IR

42
Q

The atomic number is the ….

A

of protons in the nucleus

43
Q

In reference to waves, frequency is the ___________

A

of waves passing a fixe point in one second

44
Q

The goal of the Montreal Protocol in 1987 was to….

A
  • reduce the amount of new production of CFCs in developed countries
  • recycle existing CRCs rather than release them into the air
  • encourage research into substitutes for CFCs
45
Q

The speed of light in air….

A

is independent of the wavelength and frequency of light

46
Q

Decreased stratospheric ozone concentrations may lead to ….

A
  • increased incidents of melanomas
  • harm to young marine life
  • increased occurrence of cataracts
47
Q

What is the role of Polar Stratospheric clouds on the destruction of ozone?

A

chemical reactions occur on the clouds that convert molecules that

Chemistry 1100 (11 decks)

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