Exam 1 (ppts only) Flashcards
mental health and its traits.
mental health is the ability to recognize own potential, cope with normal stress, work productively, and make contribution to community. traits include ability to: -think rationally -communicate appropriately -learn -grow emotionally -be resilient -have a healthy self esteem -have realistic goals and reasonable function within individual's role
questions to consider when trying to evaluate someone’s mental health
- are they thinking rationally?
- hows their communication skills?
- how did they handle stress in the past? (resilience)
- how does feel about her herself/ self-esteem ?
- able to function in their role?(wife/daughter/employee/etc)
mental illness
disorders with definable diagnosis. significant dysfunction in mental functioning r/t developmental/biological/physiological disturbances.
it is culturally defined.
resilience definition and characteristics
ability and capacity to secure resources needed to support well-being.
characterized by optimism, sense of mastery, competence.
what is essential for recovery?
resilience
risk and protective factors for psych disorders are?
individual attributes/behaviors, social/economic disturbances, and environmental factors.
perceptions of mental health/mental illness can be generally divided into what 2 ideas?
mental illness vs physical illness
nature vs nurture
diathesis stress model
diathesis: biological predisposition
stress meaning environmental stress or trauma.
this is the most accepted explanation of mental illness. it is asserts that most psych disorders come from a combination of genetic vulnerability and negative environmental stressors.
study distribution of mental disorders
studies identify high risk groups, high risk factors, incidence, prevalence, lifetime risk
mental health parity act (1996)
parity = equivalence
required insurance companies to provide equal treatment coverage for psych disorders
patient protection and affordable care act
gave coverage for most uninsured americans thru expanded medicaid eligibility (for the very poor).
created health insurance exchanges to offer more choices.
insurance was mandated.
prevalence
number of cases across time
incidence
number of cases in a certain time period?
lifetime risk
risk that one will develop a disease in the course of a lifetime
leading cause of disability in US
major depressive disorder
how does schizophrenia affect gender
affects men and women equally
when does panic disorder typically begin
typically in adolescence
when is generalized anxiety risk highest
between childhood and middle age
groups treated for specific mental disorders are studied for?
- natural history of illness
- diagnostic screening tests
- interventions
what are psychological theories helpful for?
help us to explain behavior
psychological therapies are?
are treatments based on psychological theories
what are the psychoanalytic theories
Freud’s and psychoanalysis
Freud’s psychoanalytic theory
Levels of awareness (the iceberg)
- Conscious: contains all material a person is aware of at anytime
- Preconscious: just below the surface of awareness, contains material that can be retrieved easily through conscious effort
- Unconscious: repressed information that may be associated with trauma, exerts a powerful yet unseen effect on conscious thinking
- Defense mechanisms operate on an unconscious level to deny and distort reality to make it less threatening
psychoanalysis
Form of therapy seldom used today because it believes intrapsychic conflict is the cause for all mental illness.
The purpose is to uncover unconscious conflicts
Some valid tools and concepts from it:
Transference: unconscious feelings that the patient has toward the healthcare worker that were originally felt during childhood for a significant other (affection or hostility)
Countertransference: unconscious feelings that the healthcare worker has toward the patient
what are the interpersonal theories/therapies
Sullivan’s, interpersonal therapy, Peplau’s theory
sullivan’s interpersonal theory, foundation for what?
purpose of all behavior is to get needs met through interpersonal interactions and to reduce or avoid anxiety .
-Anxiety: painful emotions arise from social insecurity preventing biological needs from being met
-Security operations: coping mechanism to avoid/ reduce anxiety
-Self-system: all the security operations an individual uses to defend against anxiety and promote self-esteem
Foundation for Peplau’s theory
interpersonal therapy: goal and what’s it most effective for
Goal is to improve interpersonal functioning and promote satisfaction with social relationships
Most effective in treating: grief and loss, interpersonal disputes, and role transition
peplau’s theory focus, levels of anxiety, what kind of interventions
Shifts focus from what nurses do to patients to what nurses do with patients.
-Participant observer
-Focus: mutuality, respect for patient, unconditional acceptance, and empathy
-The art of nursing: care, compassion, advocacy, comfort, well-being
-Science of nursing: intervention to relieve patient suffering
-Levels of anxiety: mild, moderate, severe, panic
-Promoted interventions to lower anxiety with the aim of improving patient’s ability to think and function
Peplau known as the mother to psych nursing
