exam 1 pp Flashcards by britt rank

Sudden Onset
Acute reduction in urine output 
Elevation of serum creatinine
GFR decreases / increases with recovery
Potentially reversible 
High mortality rate

Acute Kidney Injury

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what stage and type of chronic kidney disease would the following be?

eGFR <15

end stage kidney failure

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how long till you free the effects of synthroid

Takes several weeks – months to regulate

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what stage and type of chronic kidney disease would the following be?

eGFR 89-60

proteinuria

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hyperglycemia will show what type of fluid imbalance

fvd

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tachcardia
increased bp
bulging eyes
facial flushing
anxious 
cant sleep 
tachycardia 
severe weight loss despite eating 
T3 and T4 increase
tsh below normal

hyperthyroidism

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cornerstone of therapy for type 2 diabetes ________) – doesn’t cause hypoglycemia

(METFORMIN

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what is in the urine when diabetics have damage to kidneys?

protein

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what stage and type of chronic kidney disease would the following be?

eGFR 29-15

end stage kidney failure

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Results in large urine output

diabetes insipitus

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what tells us bout how well this drug is working (synthroid)

Heart rate/weight

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Tsh – high – indicated

hypothyroidism

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acute tubular necrosis 
renal trauma 
severe muscle exertion 
genetic conditions 
infectious disease 
metabolic disorders 
renal artery lesions 
glomerulonephritis

is what type of acute kidney injury

intrarenal

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increased head injury is an increased risk for

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synthroid

should be taken 30 mins before meals and on an empty stomach

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what causes diabetics to become hypoglycemic (3 things)

too much insulin or not enough food or exercise

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what happens to blood sugar when you are sick

goes up

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Delerium 
Infection
Atrophic urethritis 
Pharmaceuticals
Psychologic
Excess urine output 
Restricted mobility 
Stool impaction

are all causes of

transient incontience

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diabetes 
chroinc kidney disease 
anemia 
hypertenison 
cardiovascular disease 
minorities

are all at risk for

renal failure

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intollerance to cold 
apathy 
hair loss 
muscle aches 
constipation 
anorexia 
facial edema 
fatigue 
bradycardia 
t3 and t4 low

hypothyroidism

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blood tests
urine test
imaging tests
kidney biopsy

are all diagnostic tests for

urinary system

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in the renal diet these foods should be _____

protein
phosphorus
sodium
potassium

restricted

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medication (tapazol, ptu)
radioactive iodine
surgery

are all forms of treatments for

hyperthyroidism

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assesses how well pancreas responds to high glucose level (high blood sugar level), drink a high concentration of sugar, evaluates gestational diabetes (above 200 is diagnostic of diabetes)

Glucose tolerance –

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type of diabetes that is: auto immune disorder no insulin produced often before age 15

type 1

type of diabetes that is: insufficent insulin production usualy after 40 familial

type 2

onset- 0.5 - 1 hr peak - 2-3 hr duration - 5-7 humalin R

short acting

with diabetes insipitus Serum chemistry will be Urine chemistry will be they will experience what fluid abnormalaity

Serum chemistry will be CONCENTRATED Urine chemistry will be DILUTE FVD

what stage and type of chronic kidney disease would the following be? eGFR 59-30

3 chroinic kidney disease

onset- 1-2 peak- 4-12 duration- 18-24 humalin N

intermediate acting

flank pain dysuria pain at costovertebral angle are signs of

pyelonephritis

what type of insulin is in a insulin pump

rapid

polyurina polydipsia polyphagia

type 1 diabetes

HYPO secretion of ADH

diabetes insipitus

what is the range for euglycemia

70 - 140

``` sedentary lifestyle increased bp obease fatigue wounds that wont heal fbs >126mg/dl ```

type 2 diabetes

``` headache sweaty shaky hungry confused dizzy grumpy ``` are all signs of

hypoglycemia

type of diabetes that is: weight increased eye problems slow onset

type 2

serum Osmolality normal range

285-295

effective at maintaing euglycemia

basal bolus

Glucose tolerance Normal: Prediabetes: diabetes:

Normal: <140mg/dl Prediabetes: >140mg/dl - <200mg/dl diabetes: >200 mg/dl

is a percentage used to diagnose diabetes – tells how effective individuals are at managing diabetes (3 month period)

Hemoglobin a1c

``` drinking enogh water eat calcium rich foods limit oxalate rich foods limit salt intake avoid carbonated drinks limit red meat ``` can all help to prevent

renal calculi

with SIADH Serum chemistry will be Urine chemistry will be they will experience what fluid abnormalaity

Serum chemistry will be DILUTE Urine chemistry will be CONCENTRATED FVE

what is the range for hyoerglycemia

>140

insulin must stay at room temp for only ___ days otherwise not good

damage to the eye due to diabetes

diabetic Retinopathy

Fasting blood sugar Normal: Prediabetes: diabetes:

Normal: <100mg/dl Prediabetes: >100mg/dl - <126mg/dl diabetes: >126

diagnosis: dipstick for leukocyte estrace and nitrates

pyelonephritis

normal blood glucose

80 – 100

is all synthroid the same?

Produces water intoxication

SIADH

if patient is sick should they stil take medications for diabetes

yes

``` nausea and vomiting pain in flank area hematuria sharp sudden severe pain increased incidnece in men over 40 ```

renal calculi

targeted blood pressure for patients with diabetes

130/80

anything below ___ is considered hypoglycemia

HYPER secretion of ADH

SIADH

``` GFR <15 increased bp pitting edema increaded cvp shortnes of breath depressed cough thick sputum muscle cramps bone pain dry skin nausea vomiting anorexia increased potassium behavior changes ``` are all signs of

cronic renal failure (end stages)

how much insuin to give based on blood sugar is caled

sliding scale

onset- < 15 min peak - 0.5- 1 hr duration - 3-4 hours humalog

rapid acting

in the renal diet these foods should be _____ protein calcium iron

included

what type of insulin is most like the pancreas

rapid

does long acting insulin peek?

with insulin pen, hold for 5 seconds because

insulin is still coming out of the pen

prostate disease obstruction spinal cord injury pelvic trauma is what type of acute kidney injury

postrenal

bone loss kidney disease psychiatric disturbance abdominal symptoms are all clincial manifestations of

Hyperparathyroidism

Specific gravity normal range

1.003- 1.030

what stage and type of chronic kidney disease would the following be? eGFR >90

1 proteinuria

``` high blood pressure shortness of breath thirst fatigue weight loss nause and vomiting bad taste in mouth / bad breath loss of appetite puffy eyes itchy skin muscle cramping tea colored urine ``` are all signs of

kidney disease

``` thirsty wants to throw up blurry eyesight dizzy tired headache tired weak cramps ``` are all signs of

hyperglycemia

ketones in urine leads to

acidosis

treatment: antimicrobials increased fluid intake

pyelonephritis

excess iodine intake medications stress exposure to radiation can al cause

hyperthyroidism

``` frequency urgency nausea vomiting fever hematuria burning upon urination suprapubic pain ```

cystitis

Gradual Onset over many years Declining GFR less than 60mL/min Progressive organ deterioration

Chronic Renal Failure

type of diabetes that is: weight decreased increased thirst bed wetting rapid onset

type 1

Which laboratory results would indicate that the patient has prediabetes? Glucose tolerance results of 132 mg/dL Glucose tolerance results of 240 mg/dL Fasting blood glucose result of 80 mg/dL Fasting blood glucose result of 120 mg/dL

Fasting blood glucose result of 120 mg/dL

``` shock circulating volume depletion volume shifts decreased cardiac output decreased peripheral vascular resistance renal artery obstruction ``` is what type of acute kidney injury

prerenal

``` up to 20L of urine a day low specific gravity low osmoality increased thirst tachycardia decreased bp ```

diabetes insipitus

onset- 1 peak- none duration- 24 lantus

long acting

diabetics shouldnt switch sites of insulin injection because of

different absorption rates

Hemoglobin a1c ranges Normal: Prediabetes: diabetes:

Normal: <5.7% Prediabetes: >5.7% - <6.5 diabetes: >6.5%

after thyroid surgery what should be by the bedside

trach