Exam 1 Part 3

Question 1

What are the 4 criterias for vowels?

Answer 1

Heightness, backness, roundness, tenseness

Question 2

What are the 2 targets of a diphthong?

Answer 2

Nucleus, off-glide

Question 3

What are syllables consisted of (3)?

Answer 3

Onset, nucleus, coda

Question 4

Vowel or syllabic consonant

Answer 4

Nucleus

Question 5

Segment located left of the nucleus

Answer 5

Onset

Question 6

Segment located right of the nucleus

Answer 6

Coda

Question 7

What makes up a rhyme?

Answer 7

Nucleus and coda

Question 8

What are the 2 principles on how syllables are formed?

Answer 8

Require a nucleus, onsets preferred over codas

Question 9

Set of constraints on which segments can occur together

Answer 9

phontactics

Question 10

If two sounds are said to be in overlapping environments, this is what type of variation?

Answer 10

Unpredictable variation

Question 11

If two allophones [g] and [k] are said to be contrastive in a language, what is the relationship between these allophones and their phoneme(s)?

Answer 11

Allophones of separate phonemes

Question 12

If two allophones [t] and [ɾ] are said to in complementary distribution in a language, what is the relationship between these allophones and their phoneme(s)?

Answer 12

Allophones of the same phoneme

Question 13

If two sounds are predictable, but not strictly based on phonological factor(s), this is what type of variation?

Answer 13

Free variation

Question 14

This type of breathing is most often used for producing speech.

Answer 14

Exhalation

Question 15

These are the four active articulators in the supralarygeal system

Answer 15

mandible, lips, tongue and velum

Question 16

When the vocal folds are completely abducted, this is what state of the glottis.

Answer 16

open; voiceless

Question 17

This is the passageway that is opened when the velum is lowered to produce nasalized segments.

Answer 17

Nasal pharyngeal region

Question 18

What are the criteria that define the consonant system

Answer 18

Place, matter, glottal state

Question 19

In terms of articulation, this is the main difference between a monophthong and a diphthong.

Answer 19

One target vs two target

Question 20

What is one problem with the IPA consonant model?

Answer 20

consonants that are articulated with a secondary articulator

Question 21

This is the main articulatory difference between an oral and a nasal stop

Answer 21

Position of the velum

Question 22

When constructing a syllable, phonotactic constraints should be applied most critically during this step of the process.

Answer 22

Assigning the onset

Question 23

These cannot stand on there one and but must be used in conjunction with segmental units.

Answer 23

Diacritic

Question 24

Both paralinguistics and prosody are grouped under this over-arching concept.

Answer 24

Suprasegmentals

Question 25

Only these two classes of consonants are syllabified using the syllabification diacritic.

Answer 25

Liquids and nasal

Question 26

Why do we use diacritics?

Answer 26

What is simplification, modification or addition of prosodic elements

Question 27

This unit of speech is strictly stored in the mind of the speaker and is never produced.

Answer 27

Phoneme