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Exam 1 Summer 2014 Part 1 > Exam 1 part 2 Summer 2104 > Flashcards

Exam 1 part 2 Summer 2104 Flashcards

1
Q

Pubic Hair Stage 1

A

Prepubertal. The vellus over the pubis is similar to that on the abdomen. This hair has not yet developed the characteristics of pubic hair.

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2
Q

Pubic Hair Stage 2

A

There is sparse growth of long, slightly pigmented downy hair, straight or only slightly curled, mainly at the base of the penis.

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3
Q

Pubic Hair Stage 3

A

The hair is considerably darker, coarser, and more curled. It is spread sparsely over the pubis.

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4
Q

Pubic Hair Stage 4

A

The hair is adult in type, but the area over which it is present is smaller than in most adults. It has not yet spread to the medial thighs or along the linea alba (in males).

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5
Q

Pubic Hair Stage 5

A

The hair is adult in quality and quantity and has the classical triangular distribution in females. It may spread to the medial surface of the thighs.

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6
Q

Breast Stage 1

A

There is no development. Only the nipple is elevated.

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7
Q

Breast Stage 2

A

The “breast bud” stage, the areola widens, slightly darkens, and elevates from the rest of the breast. A bud of glandular tissue is palpable below the nipple.

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8
Q

Breast Stage 3

A

The breast and areola further enlarge, presenting a rounded contour. There is no change of contour between the nipple and areola and the rest of the breast. The diameter of breast tissue is still smaller than in a mature breast.

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9
Q

Breast Stage 4

A

The breast continues to grow. The papilla and areola project to form a secondary mound above the rest of the breast.

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10
Q

Breast Stage 5

A

The mature adult stage. The secondary mound disappears. Some females never progress to Stage 5.

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11
Q

Genital Stage 1 Male

A

Prepubertal. Penis, testes, and scrotum are about the same size and proportions as in early childhood. It is important to take into account whether the penis is uncircumsized when assessing penile growth, as the uncircumsized penis may appear larger than it really is.

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12
Q

Genital Stage 2 Male

A

Only the testes and scrotum have begun to enlarge from the early childhood size. The penis is still prepubertal in appearance. The texture of the scrotal skin is beginning to become thinner and the skin appears redder due to increased vascularization.

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13
Q

Genital Stage 3 Male

A

There is further growth of the testes and scrotum. The penis is also beginning to grow, mainly in length with some increase in breadth. It can be difficult to distinguish between Stages 2 and 3.

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14
Q

Genital Stage 4 Male

A

The penis enlarges further in length and breadth and the glans becomes more prominent. The testes and scrotum are larger. There is further darkening of the scrotal skin

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15
Q

Genital Stage 5 Male

A

The penis, testes, and scrotum are adult in size and shape

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16
Q

Gynocomastias

A

a common condition characterized by the benign enlargement of breast tissue in males.

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17
Q

Height velocity

A

The pubertal growth characteristics evaluated in various studies include age at takeoff, height at takeoff, age at peak height velocity, peak height velocity, duration of puberty, and the contribution of the pubertal height gain to final height.

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18
Q

.Discuss the need for growth charts and their use in clinical practice?

A

The physical growth of infants and children has long been recognized as an important indicator of health and wellness (1,2). Growth charts have been used for at least a century to assess whether a child is receiving adequate nutrition and to screen for potentially inadequate growth that might be indicative of adverse health conditions. Traditionally, attention has focused on undernutrition. However, in the past few decades, concerns about excessive weight gain have increased, and growth charts have been used to screen for overweight, including obesity.

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19
Q

SpeechDevelopement Red flags for a speech or language delay include:

A
  • No babbling by 9 months.
  • No first words by 15 months.
  • No consistent words by 18 months.
  • No word combinations by 24 months.
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20
Q

SpeechDevelopement Red flags for a speech or language delay include:

A

• Slowed or stagnant speech development.
• Problems understanding your child’s speech at 24 months of age; strangers having problems understanding your child’s speech by 36 months of age.
Not showing an interest in communicating.
• Excessive drooling.
• Problems sucking, chewing, or swallowing.
• Problems with control and coordination of lips, tongue, and jaw.
• Stuttering that causes a child embarrassment, frustration, or difficulty with peers.
• Poor memory skills by the time your child reaches kindergarten age (5 to 6 years). He or she may have difficulty learning colors, numbers, shapes, or the alphabet.

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21
Q

SpeechDevelopement Red flags for a speech or language delay include:

A

• Failure to respond normally, such as not responding when spoken to. This may include signs that the child does not hear well, such as not reacting to loud noises.
• A sudden loss of speech and language skills. Loss of abilities at any age should be addressed immediately.
Not speaking clearly or well by age 3.
ICP
Head Lag Autism Autism screening to be performed at 18 m/o and 24 m/o;

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22
Q

Identify tricks of the trade used to facilitate the well child visit. Toddler

A 
Examine on parent lap if uncooperative
	Use play therapy
	Distract with stories
	Let toddler play with equipment / BP
	Call by name
	Praise frequently
	Quickly do exam
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23
Q

Identify tricks of the trade used to facilitate the well child visit. Preschool

A

 Allow parent to be within eye contact
 Explain what you are doing
 Let them feel the equipment

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24
Q

Identify tricks of the trade used to facilitate the well child visit. School Age

A

 Allow the older child the choice of whether to have a parent present
 Teaching about nutrition and safety
 Ask if the child has any concerns or questions
 How are they doing in school?
 Do they have a group of friends they hand out with?
 What do they like to do in their free time?

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25
Q

Describe two separate techniques for assessing joint joint stability

A

The Barlow method is an examinaiton method that identifies a loose hip that can be pushed out of the socket with gentle pressure. Approximately 80% of “Barlow Positive” hips will resolve spontaneously in the first few weeks of life. Early treatment may be recommended when the hip is “dislocatable” but minor degrees of instability can be treated with multiple diapers followed by an Ultrasound Study at approximately six weeks of age.

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26
Q

Describe two separate techniques for assessing joint joint stability

A

The Ortolani method is an examination method that identifies a dislocated hip that can be reduced into the socket (acetabulum). Ortolani described the feeling of reduction as a “Hip Click” - a sound instead of a sensation of the hip moving over the edge of the socket when it re-located. After the age of six weeks, this sensation is rarely detectable and should not be confused with snapping that is common and can occur in stable hips when ligaments in and around the hip create clicking noises. When the Ortolani test is positive because the hip is dislocated, treatment is recommended to keep the hip in the socket until stability has been established

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27
Q

.Know the elements of physical examination including different parts of the body

A

Tessticles- decended
Ear- exam last in kids down and back, up and back adolecents
Cover /Uncover check for strabismus (normal til 6 months)
Cerebellar function finger to nose heel to shin Romberg
Lymph nodes Palpate Submaxillary, Cervical,Axillary,inguinal

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28
Q

Know the safety and injury prevention recommendations for: Adolescence

A

Adolescence: 11 to 21 Years
• Driving • Sports
• Violence • Gangs

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29
Q

Know the safety and injury prevention recommendations for: middle childhood

A

Middle Childhood: 5 to 10 Years
• School and community safety
• Bullying
• Play, sports, and physical activity

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30
Q

Know the safety and injury prevention recommendations for: Early childhood

A

Early Childhood: 1 to 4 Years

• General safety concerns

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31
Q

Know the safety and injury prevention recommendations for: Infancy

A

Infancy: Birth to 11 Months
• General safety concerns
• Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

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32
Q

Know the safety and injury prevention recommendations for: prenatal period

A

The Prenatal Period

• Car safety seats

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33
Q

Know the priorities for each well child visit. Newborn

A

Family Resources, Parental Well being, Breast feeding decisions, Safety, newborn care.

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34
Q

Know the priorities for each well child visit. First Week

A

Parental well being, newborn transition, nutritional adequacy, safety, newborn care.

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35
Q

Know the priorities for each well child visit. 2 month

A

Parental well , being, infant behavior, infant-family synchrony, nutritional adequacy, safety

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36
Q

Know the priorities for each well child visit 4 months

A

Family functioning, infant development, nutritional adequacy and growth, oral health, safety

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37
Q

Know the priorities for each well child visit 6 month

A

Family functioning, infant development, nutrition and feeding: adequacy/growth, oral health, safety

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38
Q

Know the priorities for each well child visit 9 month

A

Family adaptation, infant independence, feeding routine, safety

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39
Q

know the priorities for each well child visit 12 month

A

family support, establishing routines, establishing dental home, feeding and appetite changes, safety.

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40
Q

Know the priorities for each well child visit 15 month

A

communication and social development, sleep routines and issues, healthy teeth, safety, temper tantrums and discipline

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41
Q

Know the priorities for each well child visit 18 month

A

support, child development and behavior, language promotion/ hearing, toilet training readiness, safety

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42
Q

know the priorities for each well child visit 2 years

A

Assessment of language development, temperament and behavior, toilet training, television viewing, safety

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43
Q

Know the priorities for each well child visit 2.5 yr

A

family support, encouraging literacy activities, playing with peers, promoting physical activity, safety

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44
Q

Know the priorities for each well child visit 3 yr

A

Family support, encouraging literacy activities, playing with peers, promoting physical activity, safety

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45
Q

Know the priorities for each well child visit 4 yr

A

school readiness, developing healthy personal habits, TV/media, safety

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46
Q

know the priorities for each well child visit 5&6 yr

A

School readiness, mental health, nutrition and physical activity, Oral health, safety

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47
Q

know the priorities for each well child visit 7&8 yr

A

school, development & mental health, nutrition & physical activity, oral health, safety

48
Q

know the priorities for each well child visit 9&10 yr

A

School, development & mental health, nutrition & physical activity, oral health, safety

49
Q

know the priorities for each well child visit 11-14 yr

A

physical growth & development, social & academic competence, emotional well-being, risk reduction, violence & injury prevention

50
Q

know the priorities for each well child visit 15-17 yr

A

physical growth & development, social & academic competence, emotional well-being, risk reduction, violence & injury prevention

51
Q

know the priorities for each well child visit 18-21 yr

A

Physical growth & development, social & academic competence, emotional well-being, risk reduction, violence & injury prevention

52
Q

TSH and Free Thyroxine levels for Cogenital Hypothyroidism

A

TSH level < 5.5 or Free Thyroxine 0.7-1.7

53
Q

Speech development patterns.

A

Age Speech Production Articulation(Amount of Speech Following Commands
Understood by a Stranger
1 1-3 words One-step commands
2 2 to 3 word phrases 50% Two – step commands
3 Routine use of sentences 75%
4 Routine use of sentences sequences; almost all
Conversational give-and-take
5 Complex sentences, extensive use of almost all
Modifiers, pronouns, and prepositions

54
Q

Common Skin Variation in Newborns & Infants

A

Thin, transparent skin, espically premature
Color variations
Vascular markings
Pigmentations
Lanugo (downy hair) more prominent in premature
Original hair may shed at 4-8 weeks, and be replaced

55
Q

Skin color Variation Jaundice

A

pathologic in 1st 24 hrs; physiological after 24hrs

56
Q

Skin Color Variation: Acrocyanosis

A

cyanotic, cool extremities, warm, pink trunk

57
Q

Skin Color Variation: Cutis Marmorata

A

bluish mottling due to chilling or stress

58
Q

Skin Color Variation: Erythema toxicum

A

papules, vesicles on erythematous base at 24-48 hrs

59
Q

Skin Color Variation: Harlequin

A

color change lower side of body red, upper side pale- change reverses

60
Q

Skin Color Variation: Milia

A

white popular epidermal cysts with sebaceous retention

61
Q

Skin Color Variation: Miliaria

A

Miliaria (4 types)- obstruction of sweat ducts from head and humidity
Neonatal acne, prickly head- miliaria- crystalline, rubra, pustulosa, profunda

62
Q

Skin Color Variation: Pallor

A

anemia or anoxia

63
Q

Skin Color Variation: Plethora

A

erythematous flush, due to polycythemia

64
Q

Skin Vascular Markings Capillariy heangioma

A

(telangiectasia or telangiectataic nevus or nevus simplex- “stork bites”, “angel kisses” usually fades

65
Q

Skin Vascular Markings: Nevus Flammeus

A

“port wine statins” nevus vasculosis—not likely to fade, can be associated with Sturge-Weber Syndrome.

66
Q

Skin Vascular Markings: Strawberry hemangioma

A

bright red, lobulated tumor

67
Q

Skin Vascular Markings: Cavernous hemangioma

A

bluish red, more vascular than strawberry.

68
Q

Skin Pigmentation

A

Mongolian spots in darker pigmented infants
Pigmented nevi
Café au Lait (> 3cm and < 6cm in # are WNL- larger size or more spots associated with Neurofibromatosis, or Von Recklinghausen Disease- an autosomal-dominant disorder, with tumors on peripheral or cranial nerves.

69
Q

Yellow Skin Color

A

Jaundice- observed in sclera, skin, fingernails, soles, palms & oral mucosa. Does not blanche with pressure over chest or nose areas. Is associated with live disease, hepatitis red cell hemolysis, biliary obstruction & sever infection during infancy.
Carotenemia- observed in palms, soles, face, skin (not in sclera or mucuous membranes). Blanches easily to pressure over chest or nose. Occurs in older infants, with eating yellow vegetables.
Renal Disease- Yellowing of exposed skin areas (not sclera or mucous membranes) may be associated with chronic renal disease.

70
Q

Supplemental Iron & Fluoride ( dosage & dosage schedule).

A

Iron deficiency is more common among Africian American & Mexican American children.
Screening AAP recommends about 12 months, CCD recommends between 9-12 months and again at 15-18 months.
Infants at risk factors are
Infants born preterm or with low birth weight, infants fed non-iron fortified infant formula for more than 2 months, infants fed cow’s milk before age 1yr, infants who are breastfed and do not received adequate iron from supplemental foods after the age of 6 months.

71
Q

Supplemental Iron & Fluoride ( dosage & dosage schedule).

A

If the primary water source is deficient in fluoride < 0.3 then supplement with fluoride 0.25mg/day. At 6 months of age central incisors erupt 1st. there are 20 primary teeth in children. Dental screening can start at 6 months of age to 3 years, but should be established by 3-6 yr old.

72
Q

Tachyarrhythmias including SVTl, WPW, AF, VT.

A

Obtain History:
Description of pain with associated symptoms, quality of pain ( slip rib syndrome- popping sensation with bending or clicking, pericarditis- sharp & retrosternal with radiation to left shoulder more severe in supine position or deep breathing, ischemic cardiac pain- squeezing, tightness in chest- aortic root dissection is extremely severe pain.
Location: localized to chest wall, ischemic pain is diffuse. Radiation- left shoulder- pericarditis, neck or jaw- myocardial ischemia, epigastric and right shoulder- cholecystitis, between scapulae- aortic dissection. Child point to pain with one finger.

73
Q

Presentation of CHF in infants

A

generally include tachypnea, respiratory distress (retractions), grunting, and difficulty with feeding

74
Q

Still’s Murmur (location and sound)-

A

grade 1-3/6 early systolic ejection, musical or vibratory, short, often buzzing heard best midway between apex and LLSB. Softens or disappears when sitting, standing or with Valsalva maneuver. Louder when supine or with fever or tachycardia. Usual onset age 2-6yo may persist through adolescence. Benign condition.

75
Q

Venous Hum(location and sound)-

A

grade 1-2/6 continuous musical hum heard best at URSB and ULS and lower neck. Disappears in supine position, or with turning head when jugular vein is compressed. Common after 3 yo. Produced by turbulence in subclavian and jugular veins. Benign condition.

76
Q

Innocent murmur-

A

Most murmurs in infants and children originate through normal flow patterns with no structural or anatomic abnormalities of the heart or vessels. Most are heard in 3-4 year olds, change in sound with changes in position.

77
Q

SBE prophylaxis(sub-acute bacterial endocarditis)-

A

The new guidelines emphasize the need of optimal dental hygiene with regular dental brushing, at least 2-3 times a day, and flossing along with regular dental appointments. Antibiotic for Prosthetic cardiac valve or prosthetic material used for cardiac valve repair,Previous IE,Congenital heart disease (CHD),Unrepaired cyanotic CHD, including palliative shunts and conduits,Completely repaired congenital heart defect with prosthetic material or device, whether placed by surgery or by catheter intervention, during the first 6 months after the procedure,Repaired CHD with residual defects at the site or adjacent to the site of a prosthetic patch or prosthetic device (which inhibit othelialization), Cardiac transplantation recipients who develop cardiac valvulopathy;Except for the conditions listed above, antibiotic prophylaxis is no longer recommended for any other form of CHD. †Prophylaxis is reasonable because endothelialization of prosthetic material occurs within 6 months after the procedure.

78
Q

Diagnosis of hypertension in children:

A

Blood pressure falls into several categories. ••Prehypertension is systolic BP and/or diastolic BP ≥90th percentile but 5 mm Hg above the 99th percentile (>99th percentile + 5 mm Hg). Left ventricular hypertrophy, the most prominent finding, is present in up to 36% of hypertensive children.

79
Q

SVT clinical presentation

A

; infants with irritability, poor feeding, sweating, poor coloration of skin, and who exhibit a pulse rate of 200-250 beats per minute. •Palpitations (the sensation of the heart pounding in the chest)•Dizziness, light-headedness (near-faint), or fainting•Shortness of breath• Anxiety•Chest pain or tightness.

80
Q

Hypercholesterolemia criteria;

A

Screening factors• Consume excessive saturated fats • Elevated blood pressure • Diabetes • Physical inactivity • Renal disease • Body mass index at or above the 85th percentile • Unobtainable family history or any factors for coronary artery disease
Borderline- total cholesterol 170-199, LDL 110-129
High- total cholesterol > 200, LDL ≥130, triglycerides > 150

81
Q

Syncopal episodes in children presentation;

A

brief sudden LOC resulting in decreased postural tone, collapse and spontaneous recovery. May be preceded by diaphoresis, pallor, dizziness, blurred/tunnel vision, nausea, feeling hot, buzzing in the ears or muffled sounds.

82
Q

Syncopal episodes in children presentation;

A

Most in children are benign alteration in vasomotor tone (neurocardiogenic). Vasovagal(Vasodepressor) syncope- Hypotension without immediate compensatory heart rate increase. Cardioinhibitory syncope- BP drops as heart rate drops. Mechanism is excessive vagal tone. Reflex bradycardia often associated with cough, swallowing, hair combing, carotid pressure or micturition.

83
Q

POTS (Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome)

A

mild form of a primary dyautonomia, exaggerated sinus tachycardia within 10 min of up right posture, > 30 bpm above resting heart rate. Orthostatic intolerance. c/o fatigue, exercise intolerance, lightedness, heat intolerance, chronic anxiety, mood swings and panic attacks. 10% progress to Pure Autonomic Failure. Usually self resolve by adulthood.

84
Q

Causes of Noncardiac Syncope

A

Seizures, atypical migraines, drugs, metabolic, hypoglycemia, hyperventilation syndrome, pregnancy, vertigo

85
Q

Arrhythmias & Conduction disorders-

A

Vtach (Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy), SVT (pre-excitation WPW), Heart block- cogential (SLE), Acquired (post-op, infections, lyme disease,

86
Q

Child maltreatment-

A

does the presentation fit the clinical finding- if not need to be reported.
Factors associated with child maltreatment include
A child who is perceived by parents to be demanding or difficult to satisfy
An infant who is diagnosed with a chronic illness or disability
A family who is socially isolated, without community support
Mental health issues with one or both parents that have not been diagnosed & treated
A parent with career difficulties, who may see the newborn as an impediment or burden

87
Q

Child maltreatment-

A

If abuse is suspected, the health care professional should ask direct questions in a respectful way to determine whether any kind of abuse might be occurring. Any unexplained bruises or other signs of abuse should be thoroughly investigated. Abuse and neglect at this early stage have long-term effects on brain and development and increase the likelihood of behavior disorders in the child. Infant and toddlers are at higher risk for abuse and neglect than older children. Children who are younger than 3 years account for more than 1/3 maltreated children and 41% of fatally abused children are younger than 1 year.

88
Q

Causative factors of myocarditis;

A

Myocarditis is rare in young children. It is slightly more common in older children and adults. It tends to be more severe in newborns and young infants than in children over age 2. In children it is usually caused by viruses that reach the heart, such as the influenza (flu) virus, Coxsackie virus, parovirus, and adenovirus. However, it may also be caused by bacterial infections, including Lyme disease. Other causes of pediatric myocarditis include:•Allergic reactions to certain medications•Exposure to certain chemicals in the environment•Infections due to fungus or parasites•Radiation•Some diseases (autoimmune disorders) that cause inflammation throughout the body•Some drugs

89
Q

Terminology: Neonate/Newborn:

A

birth to 28 days

90
Q

Terminology: Perterm

A

gestational age <37 weeks

91
Q

Terminology: Term

A

gestational age 37-42 weeks

92
Q

Terminology: Post- term:

A

gestational age > 42 weeks

93
Q

Terminology Young child

A

1-5 years

94
Q

Terminology: Toddler

A

1-3 years

95
Q

Terminology: Pre-School:

A

3-6 years

96
Q

Terminology: School Age or Older Child

A

6-12 years

97
Q

Terminology: Infant

A

birth to 1 year

98
Q

Terminology: Young, immobile

A

birth to 6 months

99
Q

Terminology: Older mobile

A

6-12 months

100
Q

Terminology: Adolescent:

A

13 to 18/21 years

101
Q

Terminology: Pre-Adolescent

A

10-12 years

102
Q

Jaundice of Newborns: Bilirubin < 5ml/dl

A

Pathologic: occurs 1st 24 hrs of life, bilirubin increases faster than 5ml/dl/day
Physiologic: Onset after 1st 24hrs, with peak from 72-90 hrs. declines at 4-7 days
Breast feeding early onset: onset at 2-4 days. Peak at 3to 5 days.
Late onset: onset 5-7 days. Peak at 10-15 days. May remain jaundice for 3-12 weeks.

103
Q

Complication of Jaundice

A

visual estimation of degree of jaundice is not reliable. Closely monitor the < 38 week, breast feeding. Treatment when indicated with phototherapy or exchange transfusion. (at window undressed tid for 10 minutes). Bilirubin is toxic to cells of the brain. If a baby has severe jaundice, there’s a risk of bilirubin passing into the brain, a condition called acute bilirubin encephalopathy. Clinical indications Listlessness or difficulty waking,High-pitched crying,Poor sucking or feeding, Backward arching of the neck and body,Fever &Vomiting.

104
Q

Kernicterus

A

is the syndrome that occurs if acute bilirubin encephalopathy causes permanent damage to the brain with clinical symptoms such as Involuntary and uncontrolled movements (athetoid cerebral palsy), Permanent upward gaze, Hearing loss, improper development of tooth enamel.

105
Q

Eyes

A

Check for red reflex, Strabismus- alignment of eye important correlation with brain development.
Eyes assessment for pupillary size, equality, reaction to light, accommodation, visual acuity.
Vision screen 3-4yrs, Visual acuity 3-5yr is 20/40, age 8 years 20/20. E chart & strabismus check for preschool children. Snellen charts for older children.

106
Q

Amblyopia (lazy eye).

A

EOM’s- tracking 6 fields of vision.

107
Q

Strabismus (esotopia, exotropia)-

A

muscle imbalance test for corneal light reflex- cover/uncover.

108
Q

Conjunctivitis-

A

a red flag in the newborn may be STD from birth, preschool is # one reason they are sent home. Inflammation of eye – history of juvenile arthritis.

109
Q

Eye Variations:

Placement & symmetry

A

Wide set (hypertelorism) – Down Syndrome
Close set (hypotelorism)
Epicanthal folds or upward slants- ethnicity, Down Syndrome
Character of eyebrows

110
Q

Eye Variations: Eyelids

A

Ptosis, lid lag, blepharitis (stye), swelling
Dacryocystitis (blocked tear duct) may cause redness, swelling and discharge.
Allergic shiner- dark circles may indicate allergy
Perorbital edema may indicate renal problems
Sunken eyes may indicate dehydration

111
Q

Eye Variations: Sclera

A

Jaundice (liver dz), injection (conjunctivitis),

Hemorrhage, blue color (osteogenesis imperfect)

112
Q

Eye Variations: Conjunctive

A

Inflammation, pallor (anemia)

Cobblestone appearance may indicate allergy

113
Q

Eye Variations: Cornea

A

Smooth, moist, clear (not injected with conjunctivitis red eye)

114
Q

Eye Variations: Pupil & Iris

A

Brushfield’s spot (light speckling of iris) seen in Down’s

Coloboma (notch at outer edge or iris) may indicate visual field defect

115
Q

Eye Variations: Othalmoscope

A

partial or dark red reflex, indicates pathology, various retinal anomalies or opacities of cornea, anterior chamber or lens (cataract).
White retinal reflex indicates pathology (retinoblastoma, retinal detachment, chorioretinitis)
Retinal hemorrhage is pathology, associated with a variety of causes: is a specific diagnostic criteria in shaken baby syndrome.
Papilledema of increased ICP more likely in older children, with closed cranial sutures.

Exam 1 Summer 2014 Part 1 (3 decks)

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